56 research outputs found
Data Sparseness and Variance in Accounting Profitability
__Abstract__
A central question in strategic management is why some firms perform better than others. One approach to addressing this question empirically is to decompose the variance in firm-level profitability into firm, industry, location, and year components. Although it is well established that data sparseness in variance decomposition studies can lead to overestimating particular variance components, little attention has been paid to sample size requirements in strategic management studies that have examined the nature of differences in firm profitability. We conduct a meta-regression and variance decomposition study and conclude that the variatio
Clustering Sustainable Destinations: Empirical Evidence from Selected Mediterranean Countries
Within the globalized tourism market, tourism destinations have the option to turn to sustainability as a conceptual and management framework for their unique branding and identity proposition. This research highlights the importance and utility of sustainability branding that stems from clustering tourism destinations based on the similarities of their tourism performance attributes. The study builds on secondary data from 11 coastal destinations in 8 Mediterranean countries. The analysis leads to the formulation of three main sets of evaluation indicators: (a) environmental footprint; (b) destination dependency on tourism; and (c) locals’ prosperity, incorporating elements of social and psychological carrying capacity. Findings identify three to four distinct destination clusters based mainly on the attributes of destinations’ cultural and natural attributes, seasonality of supply, typology of prevailing accommodation and tourist profile. From a theoretical perspective, the research identifies key clustering attributes of sustainable destinations that could inform management interventions around destination branding and competitive sustainability performance positioning
Probing the potential landscape inside a two-dimensional electron-gas
We report direct observations of the scattering potentials in a
two-dimensional electron-gas using electron-beam diffaction-experiments. The
diffracting objects are local density-fluctuations caused by the spatial and
charge-state distribution of the donors in the GaAs-(Al,Ga)As heterostructures.
The scatterers can be manipulated externally by sample illumination, or by
cooling the sample down under depleted conditions.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Modulation Induced Phase Transition from Fractional Quantum Hall to Stripe State at nu=5/3
We have investigated the effect of unidirectional periodic potential
modulation on the fractional quantum Hall (FQH) state at filling factors nu=5/3
and 4/3. For large enough modulation amplitude, we find that the resistivity
minimum at nu=5/3 gives way to a peak that grows with decreasing temperature.
Density matrix renormalization group calculation reveals that phase transition
from FQH state to unidirectional striped state having a period sim 4 l (with l
the magnetic length) takes place at nu=1/3 (equivalent to nu=5/3 by the
particle-hole symmetry) with the increase of the modulation amplitude,
suggesting that the observed peak is the manifestation of the stripe phase.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures; minor revisio
Electron transport and optical properties of shallow GaAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum wells with a thin central AlAs barrier
Shallow GaAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum well structures with and without a three
monolayer thick AlAs central barrier have been investigated for different well
widths and Si doping levels. The transport parameters are determined by
resistivity measurements in the temperature range 4-300 K and magnetotransport
in magnetic fields up to 12 T. The (subband) carrier concentrations and
mobilities are extracted from the Hall data and Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations.
We find that the transport parameters are strongly affected by the insertion of
the AlAs central barrier. Photoluminescence spectra, measured at 77 K, show an
increase of the transition energies upon insertion of the barrier. The
transport and optical data are analyzed with help of self-consistent
calculations of the subband structure and envelope wave functions. Insertion of
the AlAs central barrier changes the spatial distribution of the electron wave
functions and leads to the formation of hybrid states, i.e. states which extend
over the InGaAs and the delta-doped layer quantum wells.Comment: 14 pages, pdf fil
Harmonic Content of Strain-induced Potential Modulation in Unidirectional Lateral Superlattices
Detailed analysis of the commensurability oscillation (CO) has been performed
on unidirectional lateral superlattices with periods ranging from a=92 to 184
nm. Fourier analysis reveals the second (and the third) harmonics along with
the fundamental oscillation for a>=138 nm (184 nm) at low-enough temperature,
evincing the presence of corresponding harmonics in the profile of the
potential modulation. The harmonics manifest themselves in CO with demagnified
amplitude due to the low-pass filtering action of the thermal damping factor;
with a suitable consideration of the damping effect, the harmonics of the
modulation potential are found to have the amplitudes V_2 and V_3 up to roughly
30% of that of the fundamental component V_1, despite the small ratio of the
period a to the depth d = 99 nm of the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) from
the surface. The dependence of V_n on a indicates that the fundamental
component originates at the surface, while the higher harmonics arise from the
effect of the strain that penetrates down into subsurface. The manipulation of
high harmonics thus provides a useful technique to introduce small length-scale
modulation into high-mobility 2DEGs located deep inside the wafer.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure
Effect of Oscillating Landau Bandwidth on the Integer Quantum Hall Effect in a Unidirectional Lateral Superlattice
We have measured activation gaps for odd-integer quantum Hall states in a
unidirectional lateral superlattice (ULSL) -- a two-dimensional electron gas
(2DEG) subjected to a unidirectional periodic modulation of the electrostatic
potential. By comparing the activation gaps with those simultaneously measured
in the adjacent section of the same 2DEG sample without modulation, we find
that the gaps are reduced in the ULSL by an amount corresponding to the width
acquired by the Landau levels through the introduction of the modulation. The
decrement of the activation gap varies with the magnetic field following the
variation of the Landau bandwidth due to the commensurability effect. Notably,
the decrement vanishes at the flat band conditions.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, minor revisio
Anisotropic transport in unidirectional lateral superlattice around half-filling of the second Landau level
We have observed marked transport anisotropy in short period (a=92 nm)
unidirectional lateral superlattices around filling factors nu=5/2 and 7/2:
magnetoresistance shows a sharp peak for current along the modulation grating
while a dip appears for current across the grating. By altering the ratio a/l
(with l=sqrt{hbar/eB_perp} the magnetic length) via changing the electron
density n_e, it is shown that the nu=5/2 anisotropic features appear in the
range 6.6 alt a/l alt 7.2 varying their intensities, becoming most conspicuous
at a/l simeq 6.7. The peak/dip broadens with temperature roughly preserving its
height/depth up to 250 mK. Tilt experiments reveal that the structures are
slightly enhanced by an in-plane magnetic field B_| perpendicular to the
grating but are almost completely destroyed by B_| parallel to the grating. The
observations suggest the stabilization of a unidirectional charge-density-wave
or stripe phase by weak external periodic modulation at the second Landau
level.Comment: REVTeX, 5 pages, 3 figures, Some minor revisions, Added notes and
reference
Commensurability oscillations in the rf conductivity of unidirectional lateral superlattices: measurement of anisotropic conductivity by coplanar waveguide
We have measured the rf magnetoconductivity of unidirectional lateral
superlattices (ULSLs) by detecting the attenuation of microwave through a
coplanar waveguide placed on the surface. ULSL samples with the principal axis
of the modulation perpendicular (S_perp) and parallel (S_||) to the microwave
electric field are examined. For low microwave power, we observe expected
anisotropic behavior of the commensurability oscillations (CO), with CO in
samples S_perp and S_|| dominated by the diffusion and the collisional
contributions, respectively. Amplitude modulation of the Shubnikov-de Haas
oscillations is observed to be more prominent in sample S_||. The difference
between the two samples is washed out with the increase of the microwave power,
letting the diffusion contribution govern the CO in both samples. The failure
of the intended directional selectivity in the conductivity measured with high
microwave power is interpreted in terms of large-angle electron-phonon
scattering.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
Knowledge Base, Exporting Activities, Innovation Openness and Innovation Performance: A SEM Approach Towards a Unifying Framework
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