5 research outputs found
Analysis of measured and simulated supraglottal acoustic waves
To date, although much attention has been paid to the estimation and modeling of the voice source (ie, the glottal airflow volume velocity), the measurement and characterization of the supraglottal pressure wave have been much less studied. Some previous results have unveiled that the supraglottal pressure wave has some spectral resonances similar to those of the voice pressure wave. This makes the supraglottal wave partially intelligible. Although the explanation for such effect seems to be clearly related to the reflected pressure wave traveling upstream along the vocal tract, the influence that nonlinear source-filter interaction has on it is not as clear. This article provides an insight into this issue by comparing the acoustic analyses of measured and simulated supraglottal and voice waves. Simulations have been performed using a high-dimensional discrete vocal fold model. Results of such comparative analysis indicate that spectral resonances in the supraglottal wave are mainly caused by the regressive pressure wave that travels upstream along the vocal tract and not by source-tract interaction. On the contrary and according to simulation results, source-tract interaction has a role in the loss of intelligibility that happens in the supraglottal wave with respect to the voice wave. This loss of intelligibility mainly corresponds to spectral differences for frequencies above 1500 Hz
Braporus, corpus de fala coletada em falantes de russo de herança no Brasil: protocolo de coleta de dados
Heritage speakers represent a special category of bilinguals who are exposed to their first language at home in the childhood, but later acquire the main language of their society that becomes dominant. Brazil has numerous communities of heritage speakers of many languages such as Japanese, German, Italian, Polish, and Ukrainian; however, only few speech corpora are being collected. In the current work, we describe the protocol of the data collection and discuss some points about data management for the BraPoRus (Brazilian Portuguese-Russian) corpus, a spoken corpus of heritage Russian in Brazil. The participants are 26 elderly speakers who were born in Brazil or came to Brazil as children in the 1950s. The protocol of the data collection includes: 1) a brief sociodemographic questionnaire; 2) a working memory test in Russian and Brazilian Portuguese using the Month-Ordering task; 3) a semi-spontaneous narrative about the history of the participants’ family and their immigration to Brazil; 4) the Bilingual Language Profile; 5) a sociolinguistic interview with 139 questions; 6) unscripted dialogues between participants in Russian; 7) intonation task; and 8) reading task. The BraPoRus corpus contains more than 160 hours of speech recordings and represents a unique collection of heritage Russian in Brazil. We expect that the protocol described in this work will be useful both for Brazilian linguists who study other heritage languages, and for research on heritage Russian in other countries.Os falantes de herança representam uma categoria especial de bilĂngues que adquirem a sua primeira lĂngua no ambiente familiar na infância, e a sua segunda lĂngua, que com o tempo se torna dominante, na sua vida em sociedade. No Brasil, há muitas comunidades que falam lĂnguas de herança como japonĂŞs, alemĂŁo, italiano, polonĂŞs e ucraniano. No entanto, poucos trabalhos de preservação dessas lĂnguas, com a coleta de corpus, estĂŁo sendo conduzidos. No presente trabalho, descrevemos o protocolo de coleta do BraPoRus, o corpus de fala em russo como lĂngua de herança no Brasil. Os participantes sĂŁo 26 falantes idosos nascidos no Brasil ou que vieram ao paĂs nos anos 1950 ainda crianças. O protocolo de coleta de dados inclui: 1) um curto questionário sociodemográfico; 2) teste de memĂłria de trabalho em russo e em portuguĂŞs; 3) uma narrativa semi-espontânea sobre a histĂłria da famĂlia do participante e a sua imigração ao Brasil; 4) questionário de caracterização de perfil bilĂngue; 5) entrevista sociolinguĂstica com 139 perguntas; 6) diálogos em russo entre os falantes de herança sobre temas livres; 7) tarefas de leitura de enunciados com variados padrões entoacionais; 8) tarefa de leitura de texto. O corpus BraPoRus contĂ©m mais de 160 horas de gravações de fala e representa um acervo Ăşnico de russo como lĂngua de herança no Brasil. Esperamos que o protocolo descrito neste trabalho seja Ăştil tanto para linguistas brasileiros que estudam outras lĂnguas de herança, quanto para pesquisas sobre russo como lĂngua de herança em outros paĂses
Imigrantes russos no Brasil: para entender, para ser compreendido
While L2 acquisition by Brazilians has been studied for different languages, the acquisition of Brazilian Portuguese by foreigners has been poorly explored. Recent studies of non-native accented speech in other languages have shown that a foreign accent could largely influence the perception of personal qualities of speakers, and this issue presents a large interest for intercultural research projects. Our research project is focused on Russophone immigrants living in Brazil, bilingual speakers of Russian and Portuguese. The specific aim of the current work is to describe a database containing information about 40 native Russian speakers living in SĂŁo Paulo for at least six months. Their linguistic and sociocultural profiles are presented, and the experimental protocol of the data collection is described. The protocol included recording speech samples in Russian and in Portuguese and video recordings for further facial expression analysis of bilinguals by the program FaceReader 7.0. The analysis of the sociocultural profiles of the Russophones, presented in the current work, provides a strong basis for the enrichment of the phonetic, sociolinguistic, and nonverbal behavior analysis of these speakers.A aquisição de L2 por brasileiros tem sido foco de um grande nĂşmero de estudos. No entanto, a aquisição de portuguĂŞs brasileiro por falantes de outras lĂnguas tem sido pouco explorada. Pesquisas recentes sobre o sotaque estrangeiro mostram que este pode exercer forte influĂŞncia na percepção de caracterĂsticas pessoais de falantes, fator este que se reveste de grande interesse em projetos de pesquisa de natureza intercultural. O nosso projeto de pesquisa tem como foco imigrantes russĂłfonos que moram no Brasil, falantes bilĂngues de russo e portuguĂŞs. O objetivo especĂfico deste trabalho Ă© descrever um banco de dados que contĂ©m informação sobre 40 falantes nativos de russo que moram em SĂŁo Paulo há pelo menos 6 meses. Descrevemos seus perfis linguĂsticos e socioculturais, e apresentamos o protocolo de coleta de dados desenvolvido. O protocolo inclui a gravação de amostras de fala em russo e em portuguĂŞs, e tambĂ©m a gravação em vĂdeo para futura análise de expressões faciais em bilingues, utilizando o programa FaceReader 7.0. A análise de perfis socioculturais de russĂłfonos, apresentada no presente trabalho, fornece subsĂdios para enriquecer as análises fonĂ©ticas, sociolinguĂsticas e de comportamento nĂŁo-verbal desses falantes