Discourse of corruption in the Russian society

Objective: to study the socio-cultural and legal nature of the corruption phenomenon in a discursive and communicative context.Methods: the methodological basis of the article is the synthesis of the discursive and communicative theory of J. Habermas and W. Krawietz’s integrative theory of legal reality, focusing on the interdisciplinary study of corruption as an interdisciplinary category, taking into account not only objective, but also subjective components. This determined the choice of research methods (comparative, hermeneutic, and discursive methods).Results: corruption as a phenomenon and the interdisciplinary category reflecting it is determined by social, cultural and psychological factors of the legal reality development. Acting as a complex legal archetype, it defines the value attitudes of consciousness and behavior of the legal communication participants, orienting them to carry out actions aimed at satisfying individual (less often group and social) interests, even if they contradict the law. Corrupt behavior is perceived by a large part of the Russian society as a model of hierarchical interaction of the legal communication subjects, the purpose of which, according to the addressee, is to increase the effectiveness of the addressee’s activities. In addition, corruption is becoming an informal means of “liberation” from the legal requirements, rigid and unfair, according to some representatives of the society. In these conditions, the success of the institutional fight against corruption can be achieved only if this fight involves not only improvement of anti-corruption legislation, but also countering shadow norms, creating a system of anti-incentives for corrupt behavior, including ideologically, through the formation of value attitudes of citizens to reject corrupt practices as unpatriotic and harmful to the rule of law and the legal culture of the society as a whole.Scientific novelty: for the first time in Russian jurisprudence, a study of the category of corruption in the communicative and discursive aspect was conducted.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific and pedagogical activities when considering the issues of the essence and content of the Russian legal reality, in the anti-corruption activities of state and municipal bodies, as well as in anti-corruption education

Problems and Prospects of the Online Model for Exporting Russian Education in the Context of Digital Inequality

Received 23 May 2023. Accepted 28 August 2023. Published online 6 October 2023.Russia has historically been a favored destination for international students, a trend continuing through 2020–2022 despite pandemic challenges, quarantine measures, remote learning adaptations, and evolving geopolitical dynamics. The pandemic prompted significant digital transformations in universities, revealing varying digital readiness among Russian institutions for the abrupt shift to online education. This led to the emergence of a novel “digital didactics” methodology. Russian universities adopted digitalization not only for education but also for supporting digital students’ sociopsychological adaptation and devising recruitment strategies via social networks. In these circumstances, digital inequality emerged as a critical concern. This issue is not only evident at a global level but also across various stages of foreign students’ education, spanning from virtual admissions to final certification. This study analyzes the global experiences and recommendations for crafting an optimal model for online educational engagement with foreign students and categorizes Russian universities based on their digital readiness for education export and identifies challenges in engaging foreign students and attracting applicants.This publication has been supported by the RUDN University Scientific Projects Grant System, project No. 060508-0-000

Development of the Regulatory and Institutional Basis for Incrising the Educational Migration to Russia

The publication aims to analyze the existing regulatory framework in the field of edu- cational migration for the implementation of strategic documents in the field of foreign and humani- tarian policy of Russia; assess how the existing legal mechanisms for educational migration meet the objectives; to formulate the institutional conditions for a new stage in the export of Russian education, taking into account geopolitical changes. The publication also presents the results of the monitoring of “double degree” programs conducted by RUDN University in 2022, as well as the risks of introducing a new system of higher education in Russia in the aspect of internationalization. The methodological basis of the study is the analysis of statistical data in the field of international education, as well as the analysis of the regulatory framework, which includes the legislation of the Russian Federation; departmental regulatory documents, international experience. Main research methods: analysis, formal legal and comparative legal

Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency – an underestimated cause of hypercholesterolemia in children

Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL-D) is a rare, progressive, autosomal recessive disease, which develops due to impaired degradation and subsequent intra-lysosomal accumulation of triglycerides and cholesterol esters causing dyslipidemia. The clinical manifestations of the disease presumably depend on the residual activity of the enzyme, lysosomal acid lipase. A profound deficiency of the enzyme known as Wolman’s disease has an onset in the first 6 months of life. The disease reveals itself by dyspeptic disorders in the form of vomiting and diarrhea, lack of weight gain, hepatosplenomegaly, and adrenal calcification. If the Wolman’s disease is not treated, children die within the first 6 months as a result of exhaustion caused by malabsorption syndrome combined with progressive deterioration of liver and adrenal glands. Partial deficiency of lysosomal acid lipase manifests itself at a later age and is called cholesterol ester storage disease. Its clinical presentations include hepatosplenomegaly, elevated transaminases, hypercholesterolemia, and, in some cases, hypertriglyceridemia. Liver failure is the main cause of death in the natural course of cholesterol ester storage disease. Delayed diagnosis of the disease leads to its progression causing irreversible liver damage. The implementation of mass screening programs with the determination of cholesterol levels in childhood is critical to identifying asymptomatic patients.The article presents a clinical case of a patient aged 3 years. The molecular genetic testing showed a mutation in exon 8 of the LIPA gene: NM_000235.3:c.894G>A synonymous variant in the homozygous state. It was also found that both parents of the girl had this type of mutation in the heterozygous state. The patient was prescribed sebelipase alfa in a dose of 1 mg/kg once every 14 days. The treatment was well tolerated. Due to the early verification of the diagnosis and timely pathogenetic therapy, the prognosis of the course of LAL-D, the duration and quality of life of the child were considered to be favourable.Raising the awareness of doctors along with the introduction of effective screening programs for the timely detection of dyslipidemia in children contributes to timely diagnosis and early initiation of pathogenetic therapy, which can increase the life expectancy of patients with lysosomal acid lipase deficiency and improve their quality of life

Challenges of Educational Migration at the Present Stage

Согласно федеральному проекту «Россия – привлекательная для учебы и работы страна» к 2030 году численность иностранных студентов должна возрасти в 1,5 раза по сравнению с 2021 годом. В последнее десятилетие в российские университеты на обучение приехали десятки тысяч иностранных студентов, Россия вошла в число десяти ведущих стран – экспортеров образования, а по динамике стала одним из лидеров: ежегодный рост численности иностранных студентов в российских вузах в последние три года составил около 6 % в год. Привлечение иностранных студентов в последние годы связано с серьезными вызовами: это пандемия и карантинные ограничения (2020–2021 гг.), вынужденный переход университетов на дистанционный режим обучения (2020–2022 гг.), трансформация геополитической ситуации, выделение категории недружественных стран, отказ от Болонского формата организации образовательного процесса. Эти факторы наложили свой отпечаток и на приемную кампанию 2022–2023 учебного года. Авторы статьи ставят своей целью выявить ключевые проблемы интернационализации образования в современных условиях и предлагают принципиально новые управленческие и правовые решения развития образовательной миграции. Эмпирическую базу исследования составил опрос сотрудников международных служб университетов, официальные статистические данные международных и российских организаций. Основные методы исследования – формально-юридический и сравнительно-правовой. Статья может быть полезна работникам органов управления образованием, руководству и международным службам университетов, а также экспертам в области международного образования.According to the Federal Project «Russia is an attractive country for studying and working», by 2030 the number of foreign students should increase by 1.5 times compared to 2021. In recent years, higher education educational institutions of higher education have made significant progress in attracting foreign students on average, their annual growth in the number of foreign students in Russian universities in during the last previous three years has beenbeing about 6 % per year. The attraction ofAttracting foreign students in recent years has been associated with serious challenges: the pandemic and quarantine restrictions (2020–2021), the forced transition of universities to distance learning (2020– 2022), the transformation of the geopolitical situation, the allocation of the category of unfriendly countries, the rejection of the Bologna format of the organization of the educational process organization. These factors have also left their mark oninfluenced the admission campaign of the 2022–2023 academic year. The authors of the articlethis paper aim to at identifying the key problems of internationalization of education internationalization in modern conditions. We propose fundamentally new managerial and legal solutions for the development of educational migration developmentat a qualitatively new level. The empirical basis of the study was a university international services employees’ survey of employees of international services ofpoll universities and the official statistics of international and Russian organizations. The main research methods are formal legal and comparative legal. The article may be useful tomight be of use for the employees of educational authorities, uni versity management, employees and of university international services of educational institutions of higher education, for university managers, and for international education experts in the field of international education

Study of Colloidal Stability and Viscosity of Concentrated Aqueous Silicasols

Проведено исследование коллоидной устойчивости наносуспензий, полученных разбавлением концентрированных силиказолей. Рассмотрен широкий диапазон массовых концентраций наночастиц (от 1 до 50 масс.%) и средних размеров первичных частиц (от 10 до 35 нм). Анализ седиментационных экспериментов показал, что рассмотренные образцы обладают очень высокой коллоидной устойчивостью. Проведена характеризация размеров наночастиц с помощью электронной микроскопии, получены распределения частиц по размерам в суспензии методом акустической спектроскопии. В результате было показано, что почти все рассматриваемые силиказоли имеют очень узкое распределение частиц по размеру. Получены зависимости динамической вязкости наносуспензий от концентрации и размера наночастиц. На их основе построены эмпирические корреляции в широком диапазоне концентраций частицA study of the colloidal stability of nanosuspensions obtained by diluting concentrated silicasols was carried out. A wide range of mass concentrations of nanoparticles (from 1 to 50 wt.%) and average sizes of primary particles (from 10 to 35 nm) were considered. The analysis of sedimentation experiments showed that the considered samples have a very high colloidal stability. The characterization of the nanoparticle sizes by electron microscopy was carried out. The particle size distributions in the suspension were obtained by acoustic spectroscopy. Almost all of the considered silica sols have been shown to have a very narrow particle size distribution. The dependences of the dynamic viscosity of nanosuspensions on the concentration and size of nanoparticles are obtained. Based on the dependences, empirical correlations in a wide range of particle concentrations were obtaine

The proinflammatore cytokine production by peripheral blood cells in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Children and teenagers with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (n=100) and conditionally healthy children (n=31) were investigated. The concentration of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IF-γ и TNF-α in supernatants of spontaneous and stimulated by phitogemmagglutinin peripheral blood cells cultures were defined by ELISA. It was found that the spontaneous production of IL-1β, IL-8, IF-γ и TNF-α was more intensive in patients with arthritis in comparison with control, and it was the evidence of important role of these cytokines in pathogenesis of juvenile arthritis. Low mitogenstimulated levels of IL-1β, IL-8 and IF-γ in children with arthritis in comparison with healthy children indicates depletion of immunocompetent cells functional reserves.Обследованы дети и подростки 2—17 лет с ювенильным идиопатическим артритом (n=100) и условно здоровые дети соответствующего возраста (контроль, n=31). Методом ИФА определяли концентрацию ИЛ-1β, ИЛ-6, ИЛ-8, ИНФ-γ и ФНО-α в супернатантах спонтанных и стимулированных фитогемагглютинином культур клеток периферической крови. Выявлена более интенсивная спонтанная продукция клетками крови ИЛ-1β, ИЛ-8, ФНОα и ИНФγ у больных по сравнению с контрольной группой, что отражает участие данных цитокинов в патогенезе ювенильного артрита. Снижение выработки ИЛ-1β, ИЛ-8 и ИНФγ при стимуляции митогеном у детей с ювенильным идиопатическим артритом по сравнению со здоровыми детьми свидетельствует об истощении функциональных резервов иммунокомпетентных клеток

Study of Colloidal Stability and Rheological Properties of Invert Emulsion with Vegetable Oil as the Base for Drilling Fluid

Работа посвящена проведению комплексных исследований коллоидной устойчивости и реологических свойств обратных эмульсий на основе технического рапсового масла и разработке на их основе рекомендаций использования данных экологически чистых компонентов в качестве основы для создания буровых растворов. Исследование свойств эмульсий производилось в зависимости от концентрации масла (от 50 до 90 об.%), концентрации эмульгатора (от 1 до 3 об.%) и температуры (от 20 до 80 оС). Были получены устойчивые инвертные эмульсии, которые сохраняют свои свойства с ростом температуры, что говорит о возможности их практического применения в качестве компонентов для создания экологически более безопасных буровых растворовThe paper is devoted to comprehensive studies of the colloidal stability and rheological properties of inverse emulsions based on technical rapeseed oil and developing on their base recommendations for using these environmentally friendly components as the base for synthesis drilling fluids. The study of the properties of emulsions was carried out depending on the concentration of oil (from 50 to 90 vol.%), the concentration of the emulsifier (from 1 to 3 vol.%) and temperature (from 20 to 80 °C). Stable invert emulsions were obtained, which retain their properties with increasing temperature, which indicates the possibility of their practical application as components for synthesis environmentally safer drilling fluid

Fragmentation and Multifragmentation of 10.6A GeV Gold Nuclei

We present the results of a study performed on the interactions of 10.6A GeV gold nuclei in nuclear emulsions. In a minimum bias sample of 1311 interac- tions, 5260 helium nuclei and 2622 heavy fragments were observed as Au projec- tile fragments. The experimental data are analyzed with particular emphasis of target separation interactions in emulsions and study of criticalexponents. Multiplicity distributions of the fast-moving projectile fragments are inves- tigated. Charged fragment moments, conditional moments as well as two and three -body asymmetries of the fast moving projectile particles are determined in terms of the total charge remaining bound in the multiply charged projectile fragments. Some differences in the average yields of helium nuclei and heavier fragments are observed, which may be attributed to a target effect. However, two and three-body asymmetries and conditional moments indicate that the breakup mechanism of the projectile seems to be independent of target mass. We looked for evidence of critical point observable in finite nuclei by study the resulting charged fragments distributions. We have obtained the values for the critical exponents gamma, beta and tau and compare our results with those at lower energy experiment (1.0A GeV data). The values suggest that a phase transition like behavior, is observed.Comment: latex, revtex, 28 pages, 12 figures, 3tables, submitted to Europysics Journal