THE USE OF BACTERIAL LYSATES IN THE COMPLEX TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC DECOMPENSATED TONSILLITIS

Introduction. Chronic tonsillitis (CT) occupies a leading place in the structure of general Oto-rhino-laryngology (ORL) pathology which is characterized by a tendency to an increase in the number of patients with recurrent course, the development of complications and the diversity of etiopathogenetic mechanisms of onset. It has been established that the most acceptable tactic for the prevention of exacerbations of chronic tonsillitis is the use of various groups of drugs that enhance the humoral immunity of the mucous membranes. The drug Ismigen is an immunostimulant based on a bacterial lysate, which increases the body's resistance to infections due to an increase in serum and secretory antibodies, activation of cellular and humoral factors of nonspecific immunity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of Ismigen in the complex treatment of patients with chronic decompensated tonsillitis by studying the dynamics of microbiological indicators. Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, 31 patients with chronic decompensated tonsillitis (CDT) were examined. Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the proposed treatment regimen: Group A: patients with chronic decompensated tonsillitis who underwent laser tonsillotomy - 15 patients; Group B: patients with chronic decompensated tonsillitis who underwent laser tonsillotomy with further immunostimulation with the drug Ismigen - 16 patients. The control group (CG) consisted of 17 practically healthy individual. Patient in group B had sublingual Ismigen postoperatively: once daily for a period for a period of 10 days. Microbiological examination of the material from the mucous membranes of the tonsils or oropharynx was carried out in dynamics before the treatment, 7 days after the treatment and 1-2 months after the end of the course of treatment. A comprehensive assessment of the status of the oropharynx microbiocenosis was carried out in accordance with the criteria described earlier. According to these criteria, the status of the microbiocenosis of the oropharynx was divided into: eubiosis, dysbiosis of the 1st degree, dysbiosis of the 2nd degree and dysbiosis of the 3rd degree. Results and discussion. Before treatment, in the decompensated state of CT (59.7±2.8) % of the examined subjects was accompanied by dysbiotic manifestations and were classified to grade 3: 60.0% of patients in group A and in 62.5% of patients in group B. In no case pathology of the tonsils did not reveal the microbiological picture of eubiosis. Carrying out various types of therapeutic measures for patients with CDT positively affected the microbiocenosis status of the studied biotope in comparison with the initial data. Comparison of the results of microbiological examination of patients in groups A and B showed the advantages of using immunocorrection after laser tonsillotomy. Thus, in 81.3% of the examined group B microbiocenoses of the mucous membranes of preserved tonsils are represented by eubiosis, compared with 26.7% in group A (p<0.01). The rest of the patients (18.7%) of group B showed dysbiotic phenomena of 1st degree, against 53.3% of persons in group A (p<0.05). The study of the species composition of the oropharynx microbiota of patients with CDT before treatment and its comparison with bacterial antigens that are part of the preparation of Ismigen showed that practically every patient had persistent one or two respiratory pathogens, which are eliminated by bacterial lysates of Ismigen. Immediately after the treatment, there were no significant differences in the incidence of the above-mentioned bacteria between groups of patients. Respiratory pathogens were detected in 5 patients of group A and 3 patients of group B. The density of seeding of the biotope decreased significantly compared to baseline values and averaged lg (4.1±0.2) CFU/g (p <0.01). 1-2 months after the treatment in none of the patients who received the preparation of «Ismigen», the indicated bacteria were detected in the microbiocenosis of the mucous tonsils, against 66.7% of the group A patients who did not undergo sublingual immunization (p<0.01) . «Sanitizing», with respect to the microbial factor of CT, the effectiveness of performed tonsillotomy in a third of patients of group A was lost. The aforementioned respiratory pathogens are most often encountered in chronic inflammatory processes in the upper respiratory tract. Long-term persistence of microorganisms is accompanied by aggravation of immunological disorders and an increased risk of recurrence of the disease [14]. Our studies confirmed the above for patients in Group A, who underwent adequate pathogenetic organ-sparing treatment of the tonsils, but without subsequent immunocorrection. Conclusions. 1. Ismigen, administered to patients with chronic decompensated tonsillitis as part of complex treatment provided a more pronounced antimicrobial effect and promoted restoration of the normocoenosis of the oropharynx. 2. Laser tonsillotomy performed with further immunomodulation with the help of immunostimulant on the basis of bacterial lysates Ismigen, allows to achieve the indices of microbial communities of the mucous membranes of preserved tonsils, which did not differ statistically from the microbiota of the control group of practically healthy persons: in 81.3% of patients, eubiosis and in 18.7% of the dysbiosis of the 1st degree. In persons without pathology of the tonsils, these indicators were 88.2% and 11.8%, respectively. 3. Ismigen has a selective antimicrobial effect against the most common respiratory pathogens, which is objectively manifested by the restoration of the eubiotic colonization profile of the oropharynx in patients with CDT 1-2 months after treatment

THE GENERATION OF CODING SEQUENCES OF CELLULAR GENOME THROUGH COOPTION OF VIRAL GENES

This review attempts to summarize the available data concerning the influence of viruses on the generation of the cellular genome coding genes content. For a long time endogenous retroviruses have been considered as selfish elements of the organism genome. But now there is growing evidence that endogenous retroviruses are more than genome junk and can serve as source for new coding sequences allowing organism evolution. Many genes derived from retroviruses have been identified in eukaryote through comparative genomics and functional analyses. In particular, genes derived from gag structural protein and envelope (env) genes, as well as from the integrase-coding and protease-coding sequences, have been identified in humans and other vertebrates. It has been proved that a number of these genes fulfill essential functions for the development and survival of their host. One of the best known co-opted retroviral genes encoded syncytin plays a key role in the placenta development. It is interesting that during mammalian evolution retroviral envelope genes have been domesticated several times independently to generate syncytin. The activity-regulated cytoskeletal protein Arc is important for cognitive functions and memory formation. Arc was one of over 100 human proteins that have been ‘‘domesticated’’ from the retrotransposon remains of ancient viruses. A number of genes that code the transcription factors have emerged as a result of “taming” the viral genes by the host organism. Now growing evidence reveals that not only retroviruses but other RNA viruses are reverse-transcribed and integrated into the genome of infected cells. It has been recently demonstrated that all Homo sapiens bornavirus like nucleoproteins (EBLN) are expressed in at least one tissue and consequently may have function.The co-option of the viral sequences not only can lead to the major evolutionary innovations, but also is able to create interspecies polymorphism.What it has been described here is probably only the tip of the iceberg, and future genome analyses will certainly uncover new virus-derived genes

Soluble cuticular wax composition and antimicrobial activity of the fruits of Chaenomeles species and an interspecific hybrid

Plants of the genus Chaenomeles Lindl. (Rosaceae) naturally grow in Southeast Asia and represent the richest resource of biologically active compounds with beneficial properties for humans. Plants of C. japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. and C. speciosa (Sweet) Nakai species, and interspecific hybrid C. × superba (Frahm) Rehder (C. japonica × C. speciosa, Superba group) have been successfully introduced in the steppe zone of Ukraine and bear fruits. In this study, we evaluated chemical composition of fruit cuticular waxes and antimicrobial activity of fruit extracts. The soluble waxes were characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and 26–36 compounds, representing 91.7–96.6% of the total soluble cuticular waxes, were identified. Waxes of Chaenomeles fruits belonged to six classes, namely fatty acids, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ethers and alkanes. Aldehydes 7-hexadecenal and heptacosanal, and alkanes hexatriacontane and tetrapentacontane were the main constituents in the soluble cuticular waxes of C. speciosa and C. × superba fruits, accounting for more than half of the total contents. However, alkane tetrapentacontane, alcohol 8,10-hexadecadien-1-ol and heptacosanal prevailed in C. japonica fruit waxes. Isopropanolic fruit extracts exhibited dose-dependent antimicrobial activity against four Gram-negative bacteria, five Gram-positive bacteria and one fungal strain in the disc diffusion assay. In general, extracts from the Chaenomeles fruits demonstrated higher activity against Gram+ bacteria than Gram- strains. The strongest inhibiting activity was shown against Staphylococcus epidermidis (by the fruit extracts of C. × superba and C. speciosa), Micrococcus lysodeikticus and Candida albicans (both by C. × superba fruit extract). Results of the study confirmed accumulation of the bioactive compounds in the fruit waxes of different Chaenomeles species and antimicrobial ability of Chaenomeles fruits as well. These findings revealed the bioactive compounds in fruit cuticular waxes and suggested health-promoting properties of introduced Chaenomeles species

Вплив іонів важких металів і цинкового комплексу на динаміку росту бактерій роду Pseudomonas

The problem of wastewater treatment is one of the most pressing issues from the beginning of the century. A special roleof the heavy metals in the pollution of the environment is due to their bioaccumulation, transfer through trophic chains, and high toxicity. Currently, advanced technologies for the wastewater treatment had been developed. Natural and cheap biological treatment methods of intensification of the natural processes of organic compounds decomposition by microorganisms under aerobic or anaerobic conditions are promising. Amongimportant processes are nitrification and denitrification. That’s why a great attention is paid to the microorganisms that are capable to realize these processes. The processes of interaction of the heavy metals ions and microorganisms are of great interest not only from the standpoint of basic science, but also as a possible use in biotechnological processes. Проблема очистки сточных вод – один из актуальных вопросов с начала века. Особое место тяжелых металлов среди загрязнителей окружающей среды связано с их накоплением в организме и передачей по трофическим цепям, их высокой токсичностью. Разработаны современные технологии очистки сточных вод: перспективы имеют естественные и дешевые биологические методы очистки, представляющие собой интенсификацию природных процессов разложения органических соединений микроорганизмами в аэробных или анаэробных условиях. Одни из основных – процессы нитрификации и денитрификации. Большое внимание уделяется микроорганизмам, способным выполнять эти процессы. Процессы взаимодействия между ионами тяжелых металлов и микроорганизмами представляют большой интерес не только для фундаментальной науки, а и как возможное применение в биотехнологических процессах. Проблема очищення стічних вод – одне з найактуальніших питань із початку століття. Особливе місце важких металів серед забруднювачів довкілля пов’язане з їх накопиченням в організмі та передачею трофічними ланцюгами, високою їх токсичністю. Розроблено сучасні технології очищення стічних вод: перспективи мають природні та найдешевші біологічні методи очищення, що являють собою інтенсифікацію природних процесів розкладання органічних сполук мікроорганізмами в аеробних або анаеробних умовах. Одні з основних – процеси нітрифікації та денітрифікації. Велика увага приділяється мікроорганізмам, здатним виконувати ці процеси. Процеси взаємодії між іонами важких металів і мікроорганізмами мають велике значення не тільки для фундаментальної науки, а і як можливе застосування у біотехнологічних процесах.

ArrayExpress update—an archive of microarray and high-throughput sequencing-based functional genomics experiments

The ArrayExpress Archive (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress) is one of the three international public repositories of functional genomics data supporting publications. It includes data generated by sequencing or array-based technologies. Data are submitted by users and imported directly from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus. The ArrayExpress Archive is closely integrated with the Gene Expression Atlas and the sequence databases at the European Bioinformatics Institute. Advanced queries provided via ontology enabled interfaces include queries based on technology and sample attributes such as disease, cell types and anatomy

The prediction of vascular sheath detachment in making anti-glaucomatous surgeries

The object of this work was to study the preoperative ultrasound criteria, the potentials of predicting vascular sheath detachment in the early postoperative period on the basis of the totality of ultrasound study measurements for anti-glaucomatous surgeries. The case histories of patients, subjected to surgical treatment of glaucoma at State Institution The Kurgan Regional Hospital for War Veterans* in 2007, have been analyzed. As a result, a group of 27 patients with vascular sheath detachment (VSD) in the early operative period has been singled out, as well as a control group of 30 subjects without VSD. The ultrasound study of eyeball has been made in the preoperative period, and in case of vascular membrane thickness increase from 1.0 mm and more, the diameter increase of visual nerve with sheathes from 6.0 mm and more, as well as in case of subchoroidal space visualization, the probability of developing vascular sheath detachment in the early postoperative period is predicted. The application for issue of patent for invention No. 2008123703 (028683) of 10.06.2008.Целью данной работы явилось изучение дооперационных ультразвуковых критериев, возможности прогнозирования отслойки сосудистой оболочки в раннем послеоперационном периоде на основании совокупности показателей ультразвукового исследования при антиглаукомных операциях. Были проанализированы истории болезни пациентов получивших хирургическое лечение глаукомы в ГУ «Курганский областной госпиталь ветеранов войн» в 2007 году. В результате выделена группа больных в количестве 27 человек, с ОСО в раннем операционном периоде, и контрольная группа 30 человек без ОСО. Проведено ультразвуковое исследование глазного яблока в предоперационном периоде и при увеличении толщины сосудистой оболочки от 1,0 мм и выше, увеличении диаметра зрительного нерва с оболочками от 6,0 мм выше и визуализации субхориоидального пространства прогнозируется возможность возникновения отслойки сосудистой оболочки в раннем послеоперационном периоде. Заявка о выдаче патента на изобретение №2008123703 (028683) от 10.06.2008

Experiment off diagnostics and treatment of primary cutaneous diffuse large В-cell lymphoma

The article provides a brief review of the literature about the incidence rate, classification, clinical manifestations, as well as modern methods of diagnostics and treatment of primary cutaneous diffuse large В-cell lymphomas. Here is also presented a case report.В статье представлен краткий обзор литературы о заболеваемости, классификации, клинических проявлениях, а также современных методах диагностики и лечения первичных кожных диффузных крупноклеточных В-клеточных лимфом. Описан клинический случай диагностики и лечения данной патологии

НОВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ И ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ СРЕДСТВА ДЛЯ УТИЛИЗАЦИИ ЗОЛОШЛАКОВ ТЕПЛОВЫХ ЭЛЕКТРОСТАНЦИЙ

The study describes main scientific and practical results obtained when researching new technologies and technical facilities for disposal of ash and slag wastes produced by thermal power plants. The issues of environmental safety provision in the area of thermal power plants are discussed and technologies for magnetic recovery of precious metals from ash and slag wastes are proposed. The data obtained is implemented in methodological documents, technical facilities and introduced into the industry with an economic effect. Приведены основные научные и практические результаты исследований новых технологий и технических средств для утилизации золошлаков тепловых электростанций. Рассмотрены вопросы обеспечения экологической безопасности районов расположения тепловых электростанций и предложены технологии по магнитному извлечению из их золошлаков ценных металлов. Полученные данные реализованы в методических документах, технических средствах и внедрены в промышленность с экономическим эффектом

A case of giant forms of basal cell skin cancer as a result of years of tumoral process and late uptake of patient

The article are contained the publication review about ethiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic and treatment methods of basal cell cancer of the skin. Here is also presented case report.В статье представлен краткий обзор литературы об этиологии, патогенезе, клинических проявлениях, а также современных методах диагностики и лечения базально-клеточного рака кожи. Описан клинический случай диагностики и лечения данной патологии