Tale of a Death Exaggerated::How Keynesian Policies Survived the 1970s

It has become a commonplace to divide the post-war period into ‘Keynesian’ and ‘post-Keynesian’ eras, usually with the break point in the 1970s. This article challenges that periodisation and the arguments that underpin it. It is argued that Keynesianism did not die in the 1970s, but survived, if somewhat mutated, into the twenty first century. This proposition is then used to challenge exaggerated views about the scale of the crisis of the 1970s

Learning and Change in 20th-Century British Economic Policy

Despite considerable interest in the means by which policy learning occurs, and in how it is that the framework of policy may be subject to radical change, the “black box” of economic policy making remains surprisingly murky. This article utilizes Peter Hall’s concept of “social learning” to develop a more sophisticated model of policy learning; one in which paradigm failure does not necessarily lead to wholesale paradigm replacement, and in which an administrative battle of ideas may be just as important a determinant of paradigm change as a political struggle. It then applies this model in a survey of U.K. economic policy making since the 1930s: examining the shift to “Keynesianism” during the 1930s and 1940s; the substantial revision of this framework in the 1960s; the collapse of the“Keynesian-plus” framework in the 1970s; and the major revisions to the new “neoliberal” policy framework in the 1980s and 1990s