Characterization and Manipulation of Double-Stranded DNA using Atomic Force Microscopy

An atomic force microscope (AFM) is used to scan high-resolution images on the nano scale. The lambda DNA used for this project are 48,502 base pairs in length and are double-stranded. This project utilizes the NanoSurf Core AFM in order to characterize and manipulate strands of lambda DNA which have been deposited on a mica surface. The deposition process of the DNA on the mica surface was developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado - Boulder. The AFM is used in imaging mode to scan the mica surface to locate the DNA. When a linearized strand of DNA is identified, the AFM is then switched to spectroscopy mode which allows the user to attract the DNA strand to the cantilever tip. This electrostatic force between the DNA strand and cantilever tip enables the DNA to be moved to a location of the user’s choice. In the case of this research, the DNA needs to be moved approximately 1 millimeter into a graphene nanoribbon (GNR) sensor which will record the electromagnetic force exuded by the base pairs as they pass through the sensor. Each base pair corresponds to a different signal and can therefore be identified and sequenced by examining this signal. Previously, the NanoSurf Core AFM has been used to scan and lift off the DNA from the mica surface, however it has not been used to manipulate the DNA into the GNR sensor. The identified, successful process of lifting off the DNA was inefficient and needs to be optimized. After successful sequencing of the double-stranded lambda DNA, the next step will be to use the AFM to sequence single-stranded DNA. The objective of this research is to successfully imagine double-stranded Lambda and prove that spectroscopy can be used to lift the DNA strand off the prepared surface

Characterization and Manipulation of Double-Stranded DNA using Atomic Force Microscopy

An atomic force microscope (AFM) is used to scan high-resolution images on the nano scale. The lambda DNA used for this project are 48,502 base pairs in length and are double-stranded. This project utilizes the NanoSurf Core AFM in order to characterize and manipulate strands of lambda DNA which have been deposited on a mica surface. The deposition process of the DNA on the mica surface was developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado - Boulder. The AFM is used in imaging mode to scan the mica surface to locate the DNA. When a linearized strand of DNA is identified, the AFM is then switched to spectroscopy mode which allows the user to attract the DNA strand to the cantilever tip. This electrostatic force between the DNA strand and cantilever tip enables the DNA to be moved to a location of the user’s choice. In the case of this research, the DNA needs to be moved approximately 1 millimeter into a graphene nanoribbon (GNR) sensor which will record the electromagnetic force exuded by the base pairs as they pass through the sensor. Each base pair corresponds to a different signal and can therefore be identified and sequenced by examining this signal. Previously, the NanoSurf Core AFM has been used to scan and lift off the DNA from the mica surface, however it has not been used to manipulate the DNA into the GNR sensor. The identified, successful process of lifting off the DNA was inefficient and needs to be optimized. After successful sequencing of the double-stranded lambda DNA, the next step will be to use the AFM to sequence single-stranded DNA. The objective of this research is to successfully imagine double-stranded Lambda and prove that spectroscopy can be used to lift the DNA strand off the prepared surface

Trade in the balance: reconciling trade and climate policy: report of the Working Group on Trade, Investment, and Climate Policy

This repository item contains a report published by the Working Group on Trade, Investment, and Climate Policy at The Frederick S. Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future at Boston University, and the Global Economic Governance Initiative at Boston University.This report outlines the general tensions between the trade and investment regime and climate policy, and outlines a framework toward making trade and investment rules more climate friendly. Members of the working group have contributed short pieces addressing a range of issues related to the intersection of trade and climate policy. The first two are by natural scientists. Anthony Janetos discusses the need to address the effects of international trade on efforts to limit the increase in global annual temperature to no more than 2oC over preindustrial levels. James J. Corbett examines the failure of the Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) and the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) to adequately address the environmental implications of shipping and maritime transport. The next two pieces are by economists who examine economic aspects of the trade-climate linkage. Irene Monasterolo and Marco Raberto discuss the potential impacts of including fossil fuel subsidies reduction under the TTIP. Frank Ackerman explores the economic costs of efforts to promote convergence of regulatory standards between the United States and the European Union under the TTIP. The following two contributions are by legal scholars. Brooke Güven and Lise Johnson explore the potential for international investment treaties to redirect investment flows to support climate change mitigation and adaptation, particularly with regard to China and India. Matt Porterfield provides an overview of the ways in which both existing and proposed trade and investment agreements could have either “climate positive” or “climate negative” effects on mitigation policies. The final article is by Tao Hu, a former WTO trade and environment expert advisor for China and currently at the World Wildlife Fund, arguing that the definition of environmental goods and services’ under the WTO negotiations needs to be expanded to better incorporate climate change

Trade in the balance: reconciling trade and climate policy: report of the Working Group on Trade, Investment, and Climate Policy

This repository item contains a report published by the Working Group on Trade, Investment, and Climate Policy at The Frederick S. Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future at Boston University, and the Global Economic Governance Initiative at Boston University.This report outlines the general tensions between the trade and investment regime and climate policy, and outlines a framework toward making trade and investment rules more climate friendly. Members of the working group have contributed short pieces addressing a range of issues related to the intersection of trade and climate policy. The first two are by natural scientists. Anthony Janetos discusses the need to address the effects of international trade on efforts to limit the increase in global annual temperature to no more than 2oC over preindustrial levels. James J. Corbett examines the failure of the Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) and the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) to adequately address the environmental implications of shipping and maritime transport. The next two pieces are by economists who examine economic aspects of the trade-climate linkage. Irene Monasterolo and Marco Raberto discuss the potential impacts of including fossil fuel subsidies reduction under the TTIP. Frank Ackerman explores the economic costs of efforts to promote convergence of regulatory standards between the United States and the European Union under the TTIP. The following two contributions are by legal scholars. Brooke Güven and Lise Johnson explore the potential for international investment treaties to redirect investment flows to support climate change mitigation and adaptation, particularly with regard to China and India. Matt Porterfield provides an overview of the ways in which both existing and proposed trade and investment agreements could have either “climate positive” or “climate negative” effects on mitigation policies. The final article is by Tao Hu, a former WTO trade and environment expert advisor for China and currently at the World Wildlife Fund, arguing that the definition of environmental goods and services’ under the WTO negotiations needs to be expanded to better incorporate climate change

Pennsylvanian plant fossils of Illinois

Includes bibliographical references (p. 34-35)

Field book, Pennsylvanian plant fossils of Illinois /

Illinois State Geological Survey Education Serie

An Assessment of Environmental Effects of the 2005 Mexican Automotive Decree

For PA 860: Public Affairs Workshop, International IssuesThe authors examine the environmental effects of Mexican President Vicente Fox's 2005 Automotive Decree which allows the importation of 10- to 15-year-old used vehicles to Mexico. The authors focus on the air pollution effects in Mexican border-states resulting from the increased vehicle flow and discuss whether the decree is a net benefit or detriment to the environment. Based on their findings, the authors recommend policy options to decrease vehicle emissions in the border region