18 research outputs found

    Knowledge status and gaps for the North Sea – focusing on discharges.

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    The Norwegian government will develop a management plan for the Norwegian sector of the North Sea. Mapping of the data requirement related to the interaction between land, coast and ocean and identification of specially vulnerable and valuable areas are included. The project focuses on discharges and their impact on the environment in the Norwegian part of the North Sea (part of OSPAR’s Region II, Greater North Sea), however information from other countries and regions within the North Sea is also included. OSPAR is developing a Quality Status Report for the North Sea area entitled the QSR 2010. QSR 2010 is based on regional assessments while this report is a pilot project aiming to identify additional data required for an upcoming management plan for the North Sea. OSPAR QSR 2010 will develop an assessment for the North Sea, however this will probably not be area specific enough to fulfil the needs for a management plan. In addition to the QSR 2010 there will be a need to develop regional plans based on collaboration between the NS countries. EUs directives, conventions and agencies supply a network of laws, directives and agreements relevant for a future management plan for the North Sea. Relevant sources of data and overall estimates of the amounts of nutrients and pollutants discharged from Norwegian sources into the North Sea are presented. An assessment of the knowledge status is given for individual sectors, with a particular focus on areas where present knowledge or data availability is considered insufficient. Effects of discharges on vulnerable and valuable areas are discussed in the context available data from monitoring and future needs to fill the gaps

    Inter-population variations in concentrations, determinants of and correlations between 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (p,p'-DDE): a cross-sectional study of 3161 men and women from Inuit and European populations

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    BACKGROUND: The study is part of a collaborative project (Inuendo), aiming to assess the impact of dietary persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) on human fertility. The aims with the present study are to analyze inter-population variations in serum concentrations of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (p,p'-DDE), to assess inter-population variations in biomarker correlations, and to evaluate the relative impact of different determinants for the inter-individual variations in POP-biomarkers. METHOD: In study populations of 3161 adults, comprising Greenlandic Inuits, Swedish fishermen and their wives, and inhabitants from Warsaw, Poland and Kharkiv, Ukraine, serum concentrations of CB-153 and p,p'-DDE, were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The median serum concentrations of CB-153 were for male and female Inuits 200 and 110, for Swedish fishermen 190 and their wives 84, for Kharkiv men and women 44 and 27, and for Warsaw men and women 17 and 11 ng/g lipids, respectively. The median serum concentrations of p,p'-DDE were for Kharkiv men and women 930 and 650, for male and female Inuits 560 and 300, for Warsaw men and women 530 and 380, and for Swedish fishermen 240 and their wives 140 ng/g lipids, respectively. The correlation coefficients between CB-153 and p,p'-DDE varied between 0.19 and 0.92, with the highest correlation among Inuits and the lowest among men from Warsaw. Men had averagely higher serum concentrations of CB-153 and p,p'-DDE, and there were positive associations between age and the POP-biomarkers, whereas the associations with BMI and smoking were inconsistent. Dietary seafood was of importance only in the Inuit and Swedish populations. CONCLUSION: CB-153 concentrations were much higher in Inuits and Swedish fishermen's populations than in the populations from Eastern Europe, whereas the pattern was different for p,p'-DDE showing highest concentrations in the Kharkiv population. The correlations between the POP-biomarkers varied considerably between the populations, underlining that exposure sources differ and that the choice of representative biomarkers of overall POP exposure has to be based on an analysis of the specific exposure situation for each population. Age and gender were consistent determinants of serum POPs; seafood was of importance only in the Inuit and Swedish populations

    Ubunden bruk av resirkulert tilslag i VA-grĂžfter.. RESIBA - prosjektrapport

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    Hvorfor tar pasienten medisinen? : Et dokumentasjonsforbedringsprosjekt

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    Sammendrag Bakgrunn/emne: Egne erfaringer fra praksis har vÊrt at mange har savnet lett og oversiktlig tilgang til informasjon om hvorfor pasienten stÄr pÄ de ulike medisinene, spesielt geriatriske pasienter med komorbide tilstander og polyfarmasi. Dersom medikamentindikasjon er lettere tilgjengelig for alle behandlende instanser, vil dette styrke dokumentasjonen i journalen. Positive ringvirkninger kan vÊre at uheldige interaksjoner lettere oppdages og gjÞre revisjon av medikamentlister enklere. 3000 dÞdsfall Ärlig i Norge kan skyldes uhensiktsmessig legemiddelbruk. Kunnskapsgrunnlag: Det ble foretatt systematiske sÞk i Pubmed/Medline, UpToDate og Cochrane, flere studier illustrerte behovet for bedre dokumentasjon av pasienters medikamentbruk for Ä sikre forsvarlige forskrivningsrutiner. Artiklene nevnte ikke direkte at omfanget av mangelfull medikamentindikasjon er stor, men det er nÊrliggende Ä tro at dokumentasjonsmangelen omfatter alle deler av journalsystemet, og at vÄr problemstilling derfor er meget aktuell. Forelesningene til J. Straand brukes ogsÄ som en del av kunnskapsgrunnlaget. Juridisk sett, viser utvalgte kapitler i Hpl, Prl og Sphlsl at journalfÞring er lovpÄlagt, den skal inneholde nÞdvendige opplysninger om pasienten og begrunne helsehjelpen som ytes. Begrunnet tiltak og metode: VÄrt tiltak er Ä fÞre indikasjon pÄ medisinlisten pÄ fÞrstedagsnotatet pÄ samme mÄte som dosering og styrke fÞres pÄ nÄ. ProsessmÄlet blir fÞrstedagsnotatet, mens resultatmÄlet og indikatoren er antall epikriser med pÄfÞrt medikamentindikasjon. Tiltaket skal innfÞres pÄ geriatrisk avd., UllevÄl, OUS. Alle pasienter pÄ avdelingen inkluderes. Organisering: Ansvaret for Ä pÄfÞre indikasjon pÄ medikamenter tillegges den enkelte legen pÄ post. Overlegene har det overordnete ansvaret for Ä pÄse at tiltaket fÞlges opp, mens assistentlegene vil ha ansvaret for Ä telle opp andel medisinlister med indikasjon pÄfÞrt, i hhv. fÞrstedagsnotatet og den tilsvarende epikrisen. I 1 mnd fÞr intervensjonen igangsettes vil man mÄle resultatmÄlet, andel epikriser med indikasjon, for Ä ha et sammenligningsgrunnlag. Resultater/vurdering: Tiltaket skal innfÞres pÄ geriatrisk avd., UllevÄl, OUS og vare 1 mÄned. Etter denne perioden skal andel fÞrstedagsnotater og epikriser med medikamentindikasjon pÄfÞrt registreres. Dette tallet vil vise hvor godt tiltaket har blitt implementert pÄ avdelingen. Man kan sÄ sammenligne dette resultatet, med resultatmÄlet man fant 1 mÄned fÞr intervensjonen startet
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