Cattle Number Estimation on Smart Pasture Based on Multi-Scale Information Fusion

In order to solve the problem of intelligent management of cattle numbers in the pasture, a dataset of cattle density estimation was established, and a multi-scale residual cattle density estimation network was proposed to solve the problems of uneven distribution of cattle and large scale variations caused by perspective changes in the same image. Multi-scale features are extracted by multiple parallel dilated convolutions with different dilation rates. Meanwhile, aiming at the “grid effect” caused by the use of dilated convolution, the residual structure is combined with a small dilation rate convolution to eliminate the influence of the “grid effect”. Experiments were carried out on the cattle dataset and dense population dataset, respectively. The experimental results show that the proposed multi-scale residual cattle density estimation network achieves the lowest mean absolute error (MAE) and means square error (RMSE) on the cattle dataset compared with other density estimation methods. In ShanghaiTech, a dense population dataset, the density estimation results of the multi-scale residual network are also optimal or suboptimal in MAE and RMSE

An improved method to measure 12C/13C\rm ^{12}C/^{13}C and 14N/15N\rm ^{14}N/^{15}N abundance ratios: revisiting CN isotopologues in the Galactic outer disk

The variations of elemental abundance and their ratios along the Galactocentric radius result from the chemical evolution of the Milky Way disks. The $\rm ^{12}C/^{13}C$ ratio in particular is often used as a proxy to determine other isotopic ratios, such as $\rm ^{16}O/^{18}O$ and $\rm ^{14}N/^{15}N$. Measurements of $\rm ^{12}CN$ and $\rm ^{13}CN$ (or $\rm C^{15}N$) -- with their optical depths corrected via their hyper-fine structure lines -- have traditionally been exploited to constrain the Galactocentric gradients of the CNO isotopic ratios. Such methods typically make several simplifying assumptions (e.g. a filling factor of unity, the Rayleigh-Jeans approximation, and the neglect of the cosmic microwave background) while adopting a single average gas phase. However, these simplifications introduce significant biases to the measured $\rm ^{12}C/^{13}C$ and $\rm ^{14}N/^{15}N$. We demonstrate that exploiting the optically thin satellite lines of $\rm ^{12}CN$ constitutes a more reliable new method to derive $\rm ^{12}C/^{13}C$ and $\rm ^{14}N/^{15}N$ from CN isotopologues. We apply this satellite-line method to new IRAM 30-m observations of $\rm ^{12}CN$, $\rm ^{13}CN$, and $\rm C^{15}N$ $N=1\to0$ towards 15 metal-poor molecular clouds in the Galactic outer disk ($R_{\rm gc} >$ 12 kpc), supplemented by data from the literature. After updating their Galactocentric distances, we find that $\rm ^{12}C/^{13}C$ and $\rm ^{14}N/^{15}N$ gradients are in good agreement with those derived using independent optically thin molecular tracers, even in regions with the lowest metallicities. We therefore recommend using optically thin tracers for Galactic and extragalactic CNO isotopic measurements, which avoids the biases associated with the traditional method.Comment: 41 pages, 29 figures, accepted by MNRAS. Meeting materials related to this work at https://box.nju.edu.cn/d/5035a574e236408eab94

UbiPhysio: Support Daily Functioning, Fitness, and Rehabilitation with Action Understanding and Feedback in Natural Language

We introduce UbiPhysio, a milestone framework that delivers fine-grained action description and feedback in natural language to support people's daily functioning, fitness, and rehabilitation activities. This expert-like capability assists users in properly executing actions and maintaining engagement in remote fitness and rehabilitation programs. Specifically, the proposed UbiPhysio framework comprises a fine-grained action descriptor and a knowledge retrieval-enhanced feedback module. The action descriptor translates action data, represented by a set of biomechanical movement features we designed based on clinical priors, into textual descriptions of action types and potential movement patterns. Building on physiotherapeutic domain knowledge, the feedback module provides clear and engaging expert feedback. We evaluated UbiPhysio's performance through extensive experiments with data from 104 diverse participants, collected in a home-like setting during 25 types of everyday activities and exercises. We assessed the quality of the language output under different tuning strategies using standard benchmarks. We conducted a user study to gather insights from clinical experts and potential users on our framework. Our initial tests show promise for deploying UbiPhysio in real-life settings without specialized devices.Comment: 27 pages, 14 figures, 5 table

Global drivers of timber carbon stock from income-based perspective

Introduction: Timber and its products are key carriers of carbon stocks and can cause a hysteresis effect of carbon release in the carbon cycle of forest ecosystems. The literature regarding the cross-regional flow of timber carbon stock mainly pays attention to production- and consumption-based perspectives, which cannot reflect how the primary inputs drive timber carbon stock flow. The income-based perspective accounting can identify the influence of primary input suppliers and supplement research on timber carbon stock embodied in trade. The goal of this paper is to explore the cross-regional flow of global timber carbon stock and identify the critical countries from an income-based perspective.Methods: We used the Ghosh-multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model to calculate the income-based timber carbon stock flow among 190 countries. Furthermore, combined with the Leontief-MRIO model, a comparative analysis is carried out to analyze the different results of the income-based, production-based, and consumption-based methods.Results: The results showed that the income-based timber carbon stock of the United States and China were among the top countries in imports and exports simultaneously. However, their export volumes were significantly larger, meaning that these countries have invested more primary resources in timber products. The timber carbon stock of the United States mainly flows into Canada and Brazil. In China, the largest flow went to Canada. Furthermore, the flow to the United States increased significantly. Moreover, comparing the three perspectives shows that the United States’ primary inputs have a greater impact on the global timber production chain than their production- and consumption-based roles. Brazil and Russia, as main primary resource suppliers of timber carbon stock, are more important than as final consumers.Discussion: The research can contribute to clarify the flow of forest resources embodied in global trade activities. Furthermore, it also provides a scientific basis to fairly account for carbon offset shares to achieve better the goal of forest resource protection agreed upon in COP26

FFSSE: Flexible Forward Secure Searchable Encryption with Efficient Performance

Searchable Symmetric Encryption (SSE) has been widely applied in the design of encrypted database for exact queries or even range queries in practice. In spite of its efficiency and functionalities, it always suffers from information leakages. Some recent attacks point out that forward privacy is the desirable security goal. However, there are only a very small number of schemes achieving this security. In this paper, we propose a new forward secure SSE scheme, denoted as ``FFSSE\u27\u27, which has the best performance in the literature, namely with fast search operation, fast token generation and O(1) update complexity. It also supports both add and delete operations in the unique instance. Technically, we exploit a novel ``key-based blocks chain\u27\u27 technique based on symmetric cryptographic primitive, which can be deployed in arbitrary index tree structures or key-value structures directly to provide forward privacy. In order to reduce the storage on the client side, we further propose an efficient permutation technique (with similar function as trapdoor permutation) to support the re-construction of the search tokens. Experiments show that our scheme is 4 times, 300 times and 300 times faster than the state-of-the-art forward private SSE scheme (proposed in CCS 2016) in search, update and token generation, respectively. Security analysis shows that our scheme is secure

Identification of Chemical Components in Gannan Navel Orange Pulp by UPLC-QTOF-MS Coupled with HS-SPME-GC-MS

Using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS), we separated and identified 148 non-volatile organic compounds including flavonoids, organic acids and amino acids in navel orange pulp in 37 min. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the pulp of navel oranges from four major production regions in southern Jiangxi Province, Ruijin, Xinfeng, Anyuan and Nankang were detected by headspace solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). In total, 97 VOCs were identified including esters, alcohols, aldehydes and terpenes. The results of this study provide detailed data for further research on chemical substances in the pulp of Gannan navel oranges

Application of Acupoints and Meridians for the Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Data Mining-Based Literature Study

Background. Dysmenorrhea is a common problem for which acupuncture provides effective analgesia. Although acupoint selection affects the effectiveness of acupuncture, the basic rules of acupoint selection are little understood. This study aims to investigate the principles of acupoint selection and characteristics of acupoints used for primary dysmenorrhea. Methods. PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chinese Biomedical Database were searched for clinical trials published in English or Chinese from January 1978 to April 2014 evaluating the effect of acupuncture on primary dysmenorrhea, with or without methods of randomization and/or control. Three authors extracted information and two reviewers inputted information on titles, journals, interventions, main acupoints, and outcomes using the self-established Data Excavation Platform of Acupoint Specificity for data mining. Results. Sanyinjiao (SP06), Guanyuan (CV04), and Qihai (CV06) were used most frequently. The most frequently used meridians were Conception Vessel, Spleen Meridian of Foot Taiyin, and Bladder Meridian of Foot Taiyang. 67.24% of acupoints used were specific acupoints. Acupoints on lower limbs were most frequently used. Conclusion. Data mining is a feasible approach to identify the characteristics of acupoint selection. Our study indicated that modern acupuncture treatment for primary dysmenorrhea is based on selection of specific acupoints according to traditional acupuncture theory