ビエンチャン市サイタニー郡内の食用野生生物資源の分布と土地利用ならびに社会経済状況との関係

　サイタニー郡内の全村の村長を対象に食用となる野生生物資源の産出の種類別算出数について聞き取り調査をおこない，調査結果の村間の違いと各村の土地利用，社会経済状況との関連性を検討した．水田や森林などの場所別の産出率と土地利用，社会経済状況の違いとの間にはほとんど関係が見られなかったが，場所毎の産出率間には強い正の相関関係がみられた．この地域の資源利用には土地景観や社会経済状況の違いよりも資源に対する住民の意識の違いが強く働いている可能性がある．The kind of natural food resources was interviewed with each headman of one hundred and four villages of Xaythani district in Vientiane municipality. Any strong relationship among the frequency of resource use, land-use and socio-economic situation was recognized. However, there was positive correlation among the rates of various kinds of resources utilization. The degree of utilization of natural food resources may be affected by the difference of concerning with them among inhabitants

ラオス・ビエンチャン平野の天水田農村ドンクワイにおける収量分布の特徴

　ラオス・ビエンチャン平野の天水田農村の水田50 筆において水稲の収量調査を行った．籾重の平均値は242.3g ／㎡であったが筆間の変異は99.1 から548.9g ／㎡のようにきわめて大きかった．高収筆は標高の高い集落近傍や森林内の新田でみられた．これらは早生品種，無肥料，低い栽植密度で栽培されていた．低収筆は比較的標高の低い位置にあり，早生ないし中生品種，施肥，高い栽植密度で栽培されていたが，栄養生長が不良であることが最大の収量阻害要因であると考えられた．Rice yield and yield component were surveyed by cutting method on 50 plots of rain-fed paddy field in a village of the Vientiane plain, Laos. The average yield was 242.3g m-2 among plots with wide variation of the range from 99.1 to 548.9g m-2. Higher yield was obtained in the plots near household compounds of the village located on higher elevation and in a plot newly opened in the forest. The early maturing varieties were grown in lower planting density without any chemical fertilizers there. The yield of lower paddy field where early and medium maturing varieties were planted in higher density with chemical fertilizers and organic manures was lower than those of upper paddy fields. The main obstacle to increase yield was poor vegetable growth of rice plant

ビエンチャン市サイタニー郡内の資源利用と農業生産の地理的分布

サイタニー郡内の全村の村落情報を村長からの聞き取り調査を元にデータベース化し，GISによる主題図を出力して生業，農業生産，土地および資源利用の分布を論じた．さらにこれらの項目によって全村を４群に分類し地図化することで特徴的な「村落生態圏」を見いだした．代表的な村における開田と水稲品種変化の動的関係を明らかにした．Detail village information were interviewed with headmen of one hundred and four villages of Xaythani district in Vientiane municipality. According the results, GIS maps of subjects of livelihood, landuse, agricultural production and natural resources utilization were produced and properties of distribution were discussed. Four kinds of “ecological zoning of villages” were identified in the district depending on the village information. Dynamic process of eco-history on the relationship between rice farming expansion and environmental transition were observed in a typical rice growing village

Indigenous utilization of termite mounds and their sustainability in a rice growing village of the central plain of Laos

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The objective of this study was to investigate the indigenous utilization of termite mounds and termites in a rain-fed rice growing village in the central plain of Laos, where rice production is low and varies year-to-year, and to assess the possibility of sustainable termite mound utilization in the future. This research was carried out from 2007 to 2009.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The termites were collected from their mounds and surrounding areas and identified. Twenty villagers were interviewed on their use of termites and their mounds in the village. Sixty-three mounds were measured to determine their dimensions in early March, early July and middle to late November, 2009.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Eleven species of Termitidae were recorded during the survey period. It was found that the villagers use termite mounds as fertilizer for growing rice, vegetable beds and charcoal kilns. The villagers collected termites for food and as feed for breeding fish. Over the survey period, 81% of the mounds surveyed increased in volume; however, the volume was estimated to decrease by 0.114 m³mound^-1year^-1on average due to several mounds being completely cut out.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>It was concluded that current mound utilization by villagers is not sustainable. To ensure sustainable termite utilization in the future, studies should be conducted to enhance factors that promote mound restoration by termites. Furthermore, it will be necessary to improve mound conservation methods used by the villagers after changes in the soil mass of mounds in paddy fields and forests has been measured accurately. The socio-economic factors that affect mound utilization should also be studied.</p

Yields from Rice Plants Cultivated under Tree Canopies in Rainfed Paddy Fields on the Central Plain of Laos

Many trees are left uncut in the paddy fields of many villagers in central Laos. Yields of rice in rainfed paddy fields interspersed with trees in central Laos were investigated in relation to shading and soil fertility from trees. Grain yield of rice plants cultivated in close proximity to tree trunks (CTP) was higher than that of the plants cultivated far away from the tree trunks (FTP) in 5 fields but lower in 7 fields. The effects of individual trees on rice yield varied among trees of the same species over the course of the three-year study period. No relationship was observed between the changes in photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) due to interception by the tree and the ratio of grain yield of CTP to that of FTP. A significant negative relationship was observed between grain yield of FTP and the ratio of grain yield of CTP to that of FTP, suggesting that yield of CTP under some trees is not lower than that of FTP when the latter was low