Qualitative Analysis for Validating IEC 62443-4-2 Requirements in DevSecOps

Validation of conformance to cybersecurity standards for industrial automation and control systems is an expensive and time consuming process which can delay the time to market. It is therefore crucial to introduce conformance validation stages into the continuous integration/continuous delivery pipeline of products. However, designing such conformance validation in an automated fashion is a highly non-trivial task that requires expert knowledge and depends upon the available security tools, ease of integration into the DevOps pipeline, as well as support for IT and OT interfaces and protocols. This paper addresses the aforementioned problem focusing on the automated validation of ISA/IEC 62443-4-2 standard component requirements. We present an extensive qualitative analysis of the standard requirements and the current tooling landscape to perform validation. Our analysis demonstrates the coverage established by the currently available tools and sheds light on current gaps to achieve full automation and coverage. Furthermore, we showcase for every component requirement where in the CI/CD pipeline stage it is recommended to test it and the tools to do so

Modeling Decentralized Real-Time Control by State Space Partition of Timed Automata

Timed automata provide useful state machine based representations for the validation and verification of realtime control systems. This paper introduces an algorithmic methodology to translate the state space visualization of a centralized real-time control system to a decentralized one. Given a set of timed automata representing a centralized real-time control system, the algorithm partitions them into a collection of interacting submachines. Importantly, this methodology allows for model-checking of the derived decentralized system against the same set of verifications as that specified for the centralized system. The complexity analysis of the algorithm is presented as a function of the number of tasks and nodes comprising the decentralized system