POTENTIAL PHYTOCONSTITUENTS FROM NATURAL PRODUCTS FOR COMBATING AGAINST CORONAVIRUS DISEASE-19 (SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS‐2) - A REVIEW

Coronavirus called as coronavirus diseases (COVID)-19 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus [SARS‐CoV]‐2) is a viral infection which is spreading to a great extent and affecting many people worldwide, many developed and developing countries are severely affected by the virus. The World Health Organization (WHO) is taking serious preventive measures to stop this viral infection worldwide. The coronavirus is a big threat to human beings and controlling the emerging viral infections is a global concern. Antiviral drug such as Remdesivir has been approved by the FDA, but combating against these viral infections is a great challenge to scientists and researchers with the available few antiviral drugs due to severe side effects and toxicity. Many drugs such as hydroxy chloroquin, Remdesivir, and vaccines have been recommended for combating this virus. Few Polyherbal formulations and Ayurvedic formulations containing antiviral phytoconstituents have been recommended to boost the immunity. Some drugs and phytoconstituents are under different phases of human clinical trials. The currently available synthetic drugs and vaccines for the treatment of viral infections have severe side effects. Medicinal plants play a critical role in treating viral infections by developing immunity against viral diseases. Some medicinal plants which were used as antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activity helped in treating various diseases and viral infections. Many plants contain flavonoids such as quercetin, luteolin, apigenin, and polyphenols such as thymoquinone, phytosteroids such as cucurbitacin and others which may likely to act as antioxidants and immunomodulatory that can fight against COVID-19. The current review provides information on phytochemical constituents present in medicinal plants, their mechanism of action, in silico molecular docking studies and human clinical trials to treat viral disorders

Human Cognition and Emotion using Physio Psychological Approach : A Survey

A soldier’s responsibility in the military includes his physical and mental attitudes which makes him to support the army in a full-fledged manner. This type of human dimension recognizes Soldier readiness from training proficiency to motivation for the Army’s future success. It introduces the concept of holistic fitness, a comprehensive combination of the whole person, including all components of the human dimension as a triad of moral, cognitive and physical components. The human dimension concept is directly related to the human mind and memory system. In this research, a system which will be capable of recognizing human emotions based on physiological parameters of a human body is discussed. The data from the system is fed to a computer where it is stored. Stored information regarding human parameters is retrieved and classified using support vector machine to generate a data set about the various emotions the human poses at a specific situation. The emotion, thus calculated is grouped to generate a grade for his present status. This grade is used to recommend the suitable working environment for the person

Jamming Attack Detection and Evaluating Using Wireless Application

When data is transferred from one host to another host,attacker may try to attack the packet or data which is in transit.Inorder to avoid such kind of attack in time critical wireless application and delivery message securely in wireless application. In this paper, we aim at modeling and detecting jamming attacks against time-critical wireless networks.To measure network performance ,packet loss and throughput metrics are used . To quantify the performance of time-critical applications,message invalidation ratio metric are used. This approach is inspired by the similarity between the behavior of a jammer who attempts to disrupt the delivery of a message and the behavior of a gambler who intends to win a gambling game. By gambling-based modeling and real-time modules, we can successful delivery time-critical message under a variety of jamming attacks. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15038

A comparative study of arterial stiffness indices between smokers & non smokers

Background & Objective: Arterial stiffening is recognized as a critical precursor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Smoking is one of the modifiable risk factor for CVD. Lifestyle modification is clinical efficacious therapeutic interventions for preventing and treating arterial stiffening. Arterial stiffness can be measured from Digital Volume Pulse which is economical, easier, non-invasive & less time consuming method (Finger Photoplethysmography). Hence, the current study is designed to compare the Arterial Stiffness Indices between smokers & non smokers. Materials & Methods: The study involved fifty five non smokers & fifty five smokers within the age group of 30-50 years. Subjects’ height, weight and baseline value of Blood pressure, Pulse rate and Peripheral Pulse Wave were recorded in both non smokers & smokers. From Peripheral pulse wave, arterial stiffness indices were calculated. Arterial Stiffness Index (SI) = Patients Height (h)/ Transit time (ϪTDVP) [Transit time (ϪTDVP) → Time delay between systolic peak & Diastolic peak] Reflection Index (RI) = Magnitude of Diastolic peak / Magnitude of Systolic Peak × 100 Results: Arterial Stiffness Index & Reflection Index were highly significantly in smoker than non smokers, p<0.001. Conclusion: The increased arterial stiffness indices in smoker suggests that the cigarette smoke damages vascular endothelium, which can lead to increased arterial stiffness and consequently to overall deterioration of the cardiovascular system condition. Non invasive measurements of arterial stiffness will aid the optimal stratification of CVD risk in an apparently healthy population

A Validated RP-HPLC Method Development for Amoxicillin in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

A rapid and simple Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for the quantification of Amoxicillin in tablet dosage form. Separation was achieved on Chromatopak-C18 (250mm×4.6×5micron) column in isocratic mode with mobile phase consisting of Acetonitrile: 0.2M Potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 3) (22:78v/v) and conditions optimized with flow rate of 1 ml/minute and wavelength of detection at 283 nm. The retention time of Amoxicillin was found to be 6.4 min. Linearity was established for Amoxicillin in the range 10 100 μ g / ml with R2 value 0.999. This method was validated in accordance with ICH guidelines, the linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, robustness, ruggedness, and system suitability results were within the acceptance criteria. Validation studies demonstrated that the proposed RP-HPLC method is simple, specific, rapid, reliable and reproducible for the determination of Amoxicillin for Quality Control level

Identification and Characterization of a New Orthoreovirus from Patients with Acute Respiratory Infections

First discovered in the early 1950s, reoviruses (respiratory enteric orphan viruses) were not associated with any known disease, and hence named orphan viruses. Recently, our group reported the isolation of the Melaka virus from a patient with acute respiratory disease and provided data suggesting that this new orthoreovirus is capable of human-to-human transmission and is probably of bat origin. Here we report yet another Melaka-like reovirus (named Kampar virus) isolated from the throat swab of a 54 year old male patient in Kampar, Perak, Malaysia who was suffering from high fever, acute respiratory disease and vomiting at the time of virus isolation. Serological studies indicated that Kampar virus was transmitted from the index case to at least one other individual and caused respiratory disease in the contact case. Sequence analysis of the four small class genome segments indicated that Kampar and Melaka viruses are closely related. This was confirmed by virus neutralization assay, showing an effective two-way cross neutralization, i.e., the serum against one virus was able to neutralize the other. Although the exact origin of Kampar virus is unknown, epidemiological tracing revealed that the house of the index case is surrounded by fruit trees frequently visited by fruit bats. There is a high probability that Kampar virus originated from bats and was transmitted to humans via bat droppings or contaminated fruits. The discovery of Kampar virus highlights the increasing trend of emergence of bat zoonotic viruses and the need to expand our understanding of bats as a source of many unknown viruses

Status of surface treatment in endosseous implant: A literary overview

The attachment of cells to titanium surfaces is an important phenomenon in the area of clinical implant dentistry. A major consideration in designing implants has been to produce surfaces that promote desirable responses in the cells and tissues. To achieve these requirements, the titanium implant surface can be modified in various ways. This review mainly focuses on the surface topography of dental implants currently in use, emphasizing the association of reported variables with biological outcome

Evaluation of crestal bone loss and stability of immediate functional loading versus immediate non-functional loading of single-mandibular posterior implants: A pilot randomized controlled clinical trial

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the crestal bone loss and stability of single mandibular posterior dental implants placed in immediate functional loading (IFL) and immediate nonfunctional loading (INFL) during 6 months after placement. Materials and Methods: Forty single piece root form titanium implants were placed in 20 patients using IFL and INFL techniques. The change in the level of crestal bone was measured on standardized digital periapical radiographs using SOPRO imaging software and stability of implants using resonance frequency analyser taken at the baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months. The measurements were statistically analyzed using the independent and paired t-test (P < 0.05, statistically significant). Results: The mean change in the crestal bone level from baseline to 6 months was significant in both techniques. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) values at first and third months were lower than those at the baseline for both the groups. However, the ISQ values at the sixth month were similar to baseline for both the groups. The crestal bone changes and the ISQ values when compared between the groups showed no statistically significant difference. Conclusion: IFL of dental implants have equivalent results and success rate as that of immediately provisionalized implants within the limitations of this study

Management of Acquired Anterior Mandibular defect with an Endosseous Implant-supported Fixed Partial Denture: A Clinical Report

The application of endosseous implant therapy in conjugation with bone augmentation has tremendously improved the quality of reconstruction of maxilla and mandible over the last decade and has allowed for improved results. This clinical report describes the management of anterior mandibular continuity defect due to road traffic accident with anterior superior segmental reconstruction and placement of four Osseointegrated implants with fixed partial denture