Zawał serca z uniesieniem odcinka ST spowodowany późną zakrzepicą w stencie metalowym, leczony dowieńcowym podaniem abciksimabu oraz aspiracyjną trombektomią

Przedstawiono przypadek 56-letniego pacjenta z zawałem serca z uniesieniem odcinka ST spowodowanego późną zakrzepicą w stencie metalowym po odstawieniu leczenia przeciwpłykowego kwasem acetylosalicylowym. Przy przyjęciu do pracowni hemodynamiki w zapisie elektrokardiograficznym obserwowano uniesienia odcinka ST o charakterze falii Pardeego w odprowadzeniach II, III, aVF oraz patologiczne załamki Q w III i aVF. Trzy lata wcześniej pacjent miał wykonaną przezskórną interwencję wieńcową w zakresie prawej tętnicy wieńcowej połączoną z implantacją stentu metalowego z powodu świeżego zawału serca. Zabieg wykonano optymalnie, przebiegł bez powikłań. Dwanaście miesięcy po przezskórnej interwencji wieńcowej chory przestał zażywać leki, w tym kwas acetylosalicylowy, ponieważ czuł się dobrze. Przez następne 2 lata nie zażywał żadnych leków i nie był u kontroli u lekarza. W obecnym badaniu koronarograficznym stwierdzono zamknięcie prawej tętnicy wieńcowej z obecnością dużej skrzepliny. Zastosowano trombektomię aspiracyjną systemem 6 F. W koszyczku uwidoczniono dużą ilość odessanego materiału zakrzepowego i zatorowego. Następnie podano dowieńcowo bolus abciksimabu i uzyskano znaczącą redukcję skrzepliny. Ostatecznie wykonano przezskórną interwencję wieńcową z implantacją stentu pokrytego lekiem. Pacjenta wypisano do domu po 5 dniach z zaleceniem zażywania kwasu acetylosalicylowego w dawce 75 mg do końca życia oraz klopidogrelu w dawce 75 mg przez minimum 12 miesięcy. Planowa angioplastyka wieńcowa w zakresie krytycznie zwężonej gałęzi okalającej została zaplanowana 3–4 tygodnie później.A case of a 56-year-old male with a diagnosis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction caused by in-stent thrombosis in a previously impanted bare metal stent after discontinuation of aspirin is presented. On admission there were ST segment elevations in leads II, III, aVF with Q wave in III and aVF in the electrocardiogram. Three years before the admission patient had suffered from inferior wall myocardial infarction and was treated successfully with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) of the right coronary artery with bare metal stent (BMS) implantation. Twelve months after the index PPCI patient stopped receiving all medications including ASA. He felt he was in good health condition and did not need to take medications any longer. For the next 2 years he had never visited doctor for follow-up visit. In current angiography occlusion of the right coronary artery with thrombus was identified. Patient was treated with aspiration thrombectomy which revealed large thrombus burden and with intralesion administration of bolus of abciximab via thrombectomy catheter. Afterwards PCI with drug eluting stent implantation was performed. Patient was discharged home after 5 days. At discharge his antiplatelet therapy consisted of acetylsalicylic acid (75 mg once daily) for life, and clopidogrel (75 mg once daily, for at least 12 months)

Age-related differences in treatment strategies and clinical outcomes in unselected cohort of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction transferred for primary angioplasty

Data concerning the benefits and risks of primary PCI in the elderly patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are limited. Thus, the objective of the study was to assess age-dependent differences in the treatment and outcomes of STEMI patients transferred for primary PCI. Data were gathered on 1,650 consecutive STEMI patients from hospital networks in seven countries of Europe from November 2005 to January 2007 (the EUROTRANSFER Registry population). Patients <65, 65 to 74, 75 to 84, and ≥85 years of age comprised 49.3, 27.5, 20.2, and 3 % of the registry population, respectively. Elderly patients were higher risk individuals and have experienced longer delays to reperfusion than their younger counterparts and were more likely to be treated conservatively after coronary angiography. Despite similar frequency of TIMI 3 flow before PCI, elderly patients were less likely to achieve TIMI 3 flow and ST-segment resolution >50 % after PCI, and were more likely to have PCI complications. The rates of death at 30 days, as well as at 1 year were increased with age. In the Cox regression analysis model age was an independent predictor of 30-day mortality. A trend toward higher risk of major bleeding requiring transfusion was observed. Age was an important determinant of treatment strategies selection and clinical outcomes in the group of consecutive STEMI patients transferred for primary PCI. Further efforts should be made to reduce delays and to optimize treatment of STEMI, regardless of patients’ age

Impact of smoking status on outcome in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention

There are some data showing lower mortality of smokers comparing to non-smokers in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) when treated with thrombolysis or without reperfusion therapy. However, the role of smoking status is less established in patients with STEMI undergoing mechanical reperfusion. We evaluate the influence of smoking on outcome in patients with STEMI treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A total of 1,086 patients enrolled into EUROTRANSFER Registry were included into present analysis. Patients were divided according to smoking status during STEMI presentation into those who were current smokers (391 patients, 36 %) and non-smokers (695 patients, 64 %). Current smokers were younger and more often men and less frequently had high-risk features as previous myocardial infarction, history of chronic renal failure, previous PCI, diabetes mellitus, anterior wall STEMI, and multivessel disease. Unadjusted mortality at 1 year was lower in current smokers comparing to non-smokers (3.3 vs. 9.5 %; OR 0.33 CI 0.18–0.6; p = 0.0001). However, after adjustment for age and gender by logistic regression, there was no longer significant difference between groups (OR 0.7; CI 0.37–1.36; p = 0.30). In conclusion, current smokers with STEMI treated with primary PCI have lower mortality at 1 year comparing to non-smokers, but this result may be explained by differences in baseline characteristics and not by smoking status itself. Current smokers developed STEMI more than 10 years earlier than non-smokers with similar age and sex-adjusted risk of death at 1 year. These results emphasize the role of efforts to encourage smoking cessation as prevention of myocardial infarction

Early administration of abciximab reduces mortality in female patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (from the EUROTRANSFER Registry)

The present study assessed the impact of early administration of abciximab in female and male patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) transferred for primary angioplasty (PPCI). Data were gathered for 1,650 consecutive patients with STEMI transferred for PPCI from hospital networks in seven countries in Europe from November 2005 to January 2007 (the EUROTRANSFER Registry population). Among 1,086 patients who received abciximab, there were 186 women and 541 men who received abciximab early (>30 min before PPCI), and 86 women and 273 men treated with late abciximab. Female patients were high-risk individuals, with advanced age and increased rate of ischemic events. Early abciximab administration was associated with enhanced patency of the infarct-related artery before PPCI, and improved epicardial flow after PPCI in both women and men. Early abciximab in women led to the decrease in ischemic events, including 30 day (adjusted OR 0.26, 95 % CI 0.10–0.69, p = 0.007) and 1 year (adjusted OR 0.37, 95 % CI 0.16–0.84, p = 0.017) mortality reduction. In contrast, the reduction in 30 day (adjusted OR 0.69, 95 % CI 0.35–1.39, p = 0.27) and 1 year (adjusted OR 0.68, 95 % CI 0.38–1.22, p = 0.19) mortality was not significant in men. The frequency of bleeding events was similar in the early abciximab group compared to the late abciximab group in both women and men. Early administration of abciximab improved patency of the infarct-related artery before and after PPCI, and led to improved survival in female patients with STEMI

Patient profile and periprocedural outcomes of bioresorbable vascular scaffold implantation in comparison with drug-eluting and bare-metal stent implantation : experience from ORPKI Polish National Registry 2014-2015

Introduction: There are limited data on the comparison of bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) and drug-eluting stent (DES)/ bare-metal stent (BMS) implantation in an unselected population of patients with coronary artery disease. Aim: To compare the periprocedural outcomes and patient profile of BVS and DES/BMS implantation in an all-comer population from the ORPKI Polish National Registry. Material and methods: A total of 141,324 consecutive patients from 151 invasive cardiology centers in Poland were included in this prospective registry between January 2014 and June 2015. Periprocedural data on patients with at least one BVS (Absorb, Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA, USA), DES or BMS (all available types) implantation in de novo lesions during index percutaneous coronary intervention for stable angina (SA) or acute coronary syndrome were collected. Results: Bioresorbable vascular scaffold was the most often used in patients with SA, in single-vessel disease and in younger male patients. Bioresorbable vascular scaffold implantation was significantly more often associated with periprocedural administration of ticagrelor/prasugrel (6.8% vs. 3.6%; p = 0.001) and use of intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography in comparison with the DES/BMS group (2.8% vs. 0.6% and 1.8% vs. 0.1%, respectively; p = 0.001 for both). The incidence of periprocedural death was significantly lower in the BVS group than the DES/BMS group (0.04% vs. 0.32%; p = 0.02), but this difference was no longer significant after adjustment for covariates. On the other hand, coronary artery perforation occurred significantly more often during BVS delivery (0.31% vs. 0.12%; p = 0.01), and BVS implantation was identified as an independent predictor of coronary artery perforation in multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR = 6.728, 95% CI: 2.394–18.906; p = 0.001). Conclusions: Patients treated with BVS implantation presented an acceptable safety and efficacy profile in comparison with the DES/BMS group. However, lower risk patients were the most frequent candidates for BVS implantation

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and periprocedural complications in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions

BACKGROUND:The relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and periprocedural complications of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) is influenced by several factors. We aimed to investigate the association between COPD, its complication type and rate in patients undergoing PCI. METHODS:Data were prospectively collected using the Polish Cardiovascular Intervention Society national registry (ORPKI) on all PCIs performed in Poland between January 2015 and December 2016. COPD was present in 5,594 of the 221,187 patients undergoing PCI. We assessed the frequency and predictors of periprocedural complications in PCI. RESULTS:Patients with COPD were elder individuals (70.3 ± 9.9 vs. 67 ± 10.8 years; p < 0.05). We noted 145 (2.6%) periprocedural complications in the COPD group and 4,121 (1.9%) in the non-COPD group (p < 0.001). The higher incidence of periprocedural complications in the COPD patients was mainly attributed to cardiac arrest (p = 0.001), myocardial infarctions (p = 0.002) and no-reflows (p < 0.001). COPD was not an independent predictor of all periprocedural complications. On the other hand, COPD was found to be an independent predictor of increased no-reflow risk (odds ratio [OR] 1.447, 95% CI 1.085-1.929; p = 0.01), and at the same time, of decreased risk of periprocedural allergic reactions (OR 0.117, 95% CI 0.016-0.837; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS:In conclusion, periprocedural complications of PCIs are more frequent in patients with COPD. COPD is an independent positive predictor of no-reflow and a negative predictor of periprocedural allergic reactions

Impact of intra-aortic balloon pump on long-term mortality of unselected patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock

Introduction: A large, randomised trial (IABP-SHOCK II) confirmed no benefit of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) on clinical outcomes of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock. However, the ‘sickest’ patients are often excluded from randomised clinical trials, so it is difficult to generalise expected outcomes from randomized clinical trials to the real life setting. Aim: We sought to evaluate the impact of IABP on 1-year mortality of unselected patients with STEMI presenting in cardiogenic shock. Material and methods: Data were gathered for 1,650 consecutive patients with STEMI transferred for primary angioplasty from hospital networks in 7 countries in Europe from November 2005 to January 2007 (the EUROTRANSFER registry population). Of them, 51 patients with cardiogenic shock on admission were identified and stratified based on the use of IABP. Outcome results were adjusted for age and sex, to control possible selection bias. Results: At the discretion of the operators, IABP was applied in 30 patients (58.8%, IABP group). The remaining 21 patients were treated without IABP (no-IABP group). The use of IABP was more frequent among males, younger patients, and patients with STEMI of the anterior wall. There was no difference in 30-day mortality in patients with and without IABP (no-IABP vs. IABP: 38.1% vs. 33.3%; adjusted OR 1.79 (95% CI 0.43–7.52); p = 0.43). Similarly, IABP had no impact on 1-year mortality (42.9% vs. 33.3%; adjusted OR 1.27 (95% CI 0.32–5.09); p = 0.74). One-year mortality was comparable among patients who survived hospitalisation (14.3% vs. 13%; p = 0.64). Conclusions: We observed no benefit of IABP on short – and long-term mortality of unselected patients with STEMI complicated by cardiogenic shock