Pemanfaatan Abu Sabut Kelapa sebagai Katalis Basa dalam Pembuatan Biodiesel dari Minyak Biji Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas. L)

The research about utilization ash of coconut husk as source of base catalyst in aplication for reaction of transesterification from Jatropha curcas oil has been researched. Content of base compound in coconut husk ash was analyzed by AAS and acidy alkalimetry. The base catalyst was extracted using methanol, for transesterification reaction of Jatropha curcas oil. This method of biodiesel production by transesterification process used coconut husk ash catalyst by weight variation as much as 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% (w/w). Analysis of the quality of biodiesel is done with quality parameters acid number, iodine number, density, viscosity and water content in accordance with SNI 04-7182-2006 standards. The result of the research showed that potassium concentration as carbonat salt in the ash of coconut husk was 17,4% (w/w) and the conversion of biodiesel obtained from each catalyst in a row is 43,62%; 78,45%; 76,22%; 75,69% and 63,27% (w/w). Biodiesel optimum results obtained with the addition of the catalyst are 4% with density values of 0.86 (g / mL), the viscosity value of 3.23 (cSt), the value of water content 0.0352%, 0.12 acid number (mg KOH / g) and iodine number of 8.23 (g I2 / 100 g).The research about utilization ash of coconut husk as source of base catalyst in aplication for reaction of transesterification from Jatropha curcas oil has been researched. Content of base compound in coconut husk ash was analyzed by AAS and acidy alkalimetry. The base catalyst was extracted using methanol, for transesterification reaction of Jatropha curcas oil. This method of biodiesel production by transesterification process used coconut husk ash catalyst by weight variation as much as 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% (w/w). Analysis of the quality of biodiesel is done with quality parameters acid number, iodine number, density, viscosity and water content in accordance with SNI 04-7182-2006 standards. The result of the research showed that potassium concentration as carbonat salt in the ash of coconut husk was 17,4% (w/w) and the conversion of biodiesel obtained from each catalyst in a row is 43,62%; 78,45%; 76,22%; 75,69% and 63,27% (w/w). Biodiesel optimum results obtained with the addition of the catalyst are 4% with density values of 0.86 (g / mL), the viscosity value of 3.23 (cSt), the value of water content 0.0352%, 0.12 acid number (mg KOH / g) and iodine number of 8.23 (g I2 / 100 g).ABSTRAKPenelitian tentang pemanfaatan abu sabut kelapa sebagai sumber katalis basa pada aplikasi reaksi transesterifikasi minyak biji jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas. L) telah dilakukan. Karakterisasi kadar basa dalam sabut kelapa dilakukan dengan AAS dan alkalinitas. Katalis basa diperoleh dengan pengadukan abu sabut kelapa dalam metanol dan selanjutnya digunakan untuk reaksi transesterifikasi minyak biji jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas. L). Metode pembuatan biodiesel ini dengan transesterifikasi menggunakan katalis abu sabut kelapa dengan variasi berat sebanyak 2%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 8% dan 10% (b/b). Analisis kualitas dari biodiesel dilakukan dengan parameter mutu bilangan asam, bilangan iod, densitas, viskositas dan kadar air sesuai dengan standar SNI 04-7182-2006. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar kalium dalam bentuk kalium karbonat dalam abu sabut kelapa sebesar 17,4% (b/b) dan konversi biodiesel yang diperoleh dari masing masing katalis berturut-turut adalah 43,62%; 78,45%; 76,22%; 75,69% dan 63,27% (b/b). Hasil optimum biodiesel diperoleh dengan penambahan katalis 4% dengan nilai densitas 0,86 (g/mL), nilai viskositas 3,23 (cSt), nilai kadar air 0,0352%, bilangan asam 0,12 (mg KOH/g) dan bilangan iod sebesar 8,23 (g I2/100 g). Kata kunci :    Abu sabut kelapa, biodiesel, transesterifikasi, minyak biji jarak pagar(Jatropha curcas. L

THE UTILIZATION OF WANYI SEEDS (Mangifera caesia Jack.) IN MAKING ETHANOL BY ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS AND FERMENTATION USING Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The utilization of wanyi seeds (Mangifera caesia Jack.) in making ethanol by enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been carried out. The method used is the hydrolysis of α-amylase and gluco-amylase enzymes, fermentation with time variation and yeast concentration as well as the addition of 0.5% urea nutrition and 0.06% NPK, distillation and gas chromatography. Ethanol content 98.508% at 6 days fermentation with yeast concentration 0.23%.Pemanfaatan Biji Wanyi (Mangifera caesia Jack.) dalam pembuatan etanol secara hidrolisis enzimatis dan fermentasi menggunakan Saccharomyces cerevisiae telah dilakukan. Metode yang digunakan adalah hidrolisis menggunakan enzim α-amilase dan gluko-amilase, fermentasi dengan variasi waktu dan konsentrasi ragi serta penambahan nutrisi urea 0,5 % dan NPK 0,06 %, destilasi dan kromatografi gas. Kadar etanol 98,508 % pada waktu fermentasi 6 hari dengan konsentrasi ragi 0,23 %.   Kata Kunci: Biji wanyi, hidrolisis, fermentasi, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, etanol

APPLICATION OF UV SPECTROPHOTOMETER AND HPLC ON ANALYSIS OF CAFFEINE CONTENT IN ARABICA AND ROBUSTA COFFEES

Analysis of caffeine content in Arabica coffee and Robusta coffee using Ultra Violet (UV) spectrophotometers and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was carried out. Coffee samples were soxhleted with 96% ethanol with the rotation variation used, namely 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12. The extract was dissolved in 96% ethanol and tested with a UV spectrophotometer. The results obtained  caffeine content in arabica coffee for 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 rotations are 1.347 mg/L, 1.631 mg/L, 1.953 mg/L, 2.868 mg/L and 3.764 mg/L respectively. While the caffeine content obtained by Robusta coffee for 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 turns are 1.820 mg/L, 2.258 mg/L, 2.741 mg/L, 3.814 mg/L and 4.781 mg/L, respectively. Caffeine content in Arabica and Robusta coffee were analyzed by HPLC. The results obtained in Arabica coffee are retention time of 5.079 minutes, area of 1265348 and height of 56539 and in Robusta coffee the retention time is 5,083 minutes, the area is 1249273 and the height is 55700

DECREASING OF PHENOL CONCENTRATION IN BALIKPAPAN SEA WATER POLLUTED BY USING ADSORPTION METHOD

Research on decreasing of phenol concentration in the Balikpapan seawater polluted by using the adsorption method, the purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of activated carbon and adsorption percent to adsorb phenols with time and weight variations of the adsorbent. The results of the characteristics of activated carbon using SEM show that the carbon pores after activation are greater than before activation. In addition, phenol adsorption with time variations in seawater samples obtained optimal time at 30 minutes with 62% and the weight variation of the adsorbent obtained percentage of maximum adsorption at a weight of 12 grams is 51.11%.Penelitian tentang penurunan konsentrasi fenol pada air laut Balikpapan yang tercemar minyak menggunakan metode adsorpsi, dilakukannya penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik karbon aktif dan persen adsorpsi untuk mengadsorpsi senyawa fenol dengan variasi waktu dan berat adsorben. Hasil karakteristik karbon aktif menggunakan SEM menunjukkan pori-pori karbon setelah diaktivasi lebih besar dibandingkan sebelum aktivasi. Selain itu adsorpsi fenol dengan variasi waktu pada sampel air laut didapatkan waktu optimal pada menit 30 dengan persen adsorpsi 62% dan pada variasi berat adsorben didapatkan persen adsorpsi maksimal pada berat 12 gram yaitu 51,11%

EFFECT OF TIME VARIATION ON XYLENE USING ACTIVE CARBON FROM WASTE OF BANANA STEM (Musa paradisiaca L)

Test of activated carbon adsorption ability of banana stem waste (Musa paradisiaca L) on xylene has been carried out. In the characterization of activated carbon Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to show the morphological differences in activated carbon after activation and before activation while xylene adsorption using a UV spectrophotometer with variations in the time of adsorption. The optimum xylene adsorption time was obtained on the weight of 0.4 gram adsorbent, the concentration of xylene 40 ppm was 45 minutes, the adsorption capacity was 1.772 mg/g.Uji kemampuan adsorpsi karbon aktif limbah batang pisang (Musa paradisiaca L) pada xylena telah dilakukan. Dalam karakterisasi karbon aktif Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) digunakan untuk menunjukkan perbedaan morfologi dalam karbon aktif setelah aktivasi dan sebelum aktivasi lalu adsorpsi xylena menggunakan spektrofotometer UV dengan variasi waktu adsorpsi. Waktu adsorpsi xilena optimum diperoleh pada berat adsorben 0,4 gram, konsentrasi xilena 40 ppm adalah 45 menit, kapasitas adsorpsi 1,772 mg / g

ADSORPSI ZAT WARNA TEKSTIL UNGU DARI AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI RUMAH TANGGA SARUNG TENUN SAMARINDA SEBERANG DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SERBUK KULIT BUAH LAI (DURIO KUTEJENSIS (HASSK.) BECC.)

Pewarna tekstil termasuk senyawa yang sulit terurai secara alami, sehingga dapat berdampak negatif terhadap lingkungan perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan kulit buah lai yang dibuat menjadi serbuk sebagai adsorben untuk menyerap zat warna tekstil ungu pada air limbah sarung tenun Samarinda Seberang. Tahap pertama dibuat dengan membilas bubuk kulit buah lai dengan air suling mendidih, kemudian dipanggang dan diayak dengan ayakan 60 mesh. Karakterisasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan Fourier Transform Infared (FTIR) dan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Kajian adsorpsi zat warna tekstil ungu oleh serbuk kulit buah lai dilakukan dengan variasi waktu, pH dan konsentrasi. Hasil karakterisasi dengan FTIR menunjukkan adanya CO, CH bending, C=C, C=O, CC alkena,Gugus CH dan berdasarkan hasil karakterisasi SEM serbuk cangkang lainnya memiliki permukaan yang berpori. Kondisi optimum adsorpsi zat warna tekstil ungu 100 ppm untuk 25 mL dengan berat adsorben 0,01 g terjadi pada waktu kontak 2,5 menit dan pH 9. Adsorpsi zat warna tekstil ungu mengikuti pola adsorpsi isoterm Langmuir dan memiliki kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum sebesar 1176 .0486 mg/g. Aplikasi pada sampel air limbah sarung tenun ungu Samarinda Seberang dengan konsentrasi 143,5 ppm sebanyak 25 mL dan menggunakan berat optimum 0,01 g, waktu 2,5 menit dan pH 9 diperoleh %Adsorpsi sebesar 72,0119%. 5 menit dan pH 9. Adsorpsi zat warna tekstil ungu mengikuti pola adsorpsi isoterm Langmuir dan memiliki kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum sebesar 1176 .0486 mg/g.Aplikasi pada sampel air limbah sarung tenun ungu Samarinda Seberang dengan konsentrasi 143,5 ppm sebanyak 25 mL dan menggunakan berat optimum 0,01 g, waktu 2,5 menit dan pH 9 diperoleh %Adsorpsi sebesar 72,0119%. 5 menit dan pH 9. Adsorpsi zat warna tekstil ungu mengikuti pola adsorpsi isoterm Langmuir dan memiliki kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum sebesar 1176 .0486 mg/g. Aplikasi pada sampel air limbah sarung tenun ungu Samarinda Seberang dengan konsentrasi 143,5 ppm sebanyak 25 mL dan menggunakan berat optimum 0,01 g, waktu 2,5 menit dan pH 9 diperoleh %Adsorpsi sebesar 72,0119%

ISOLASI DAN PENENTUAN KONDISI KERJA OPTIMUM LIPASE DARI PERKECAMBAHAN BIJI DURIAN (Durio zibethinus L)

This research was conducted to isolate and to know the optimum lipase working conditions (pH, temperature and concentration of substrate), and to know lipase activity from germination of durian seed (Durio zibethinus L.). Isolation is done by 2 stages namely, homogenization and centrifugation. Centrifugation is done at a speed of 12000 rpm with a temperature of 4°C for 30 minutes. Activity by using titration method and protein concentration using method. The optimum lipase temperature obtained was 60°C, optimum pH was 7, and the optimum substrat concentration was 1 % v/v. The lipase specific activity yielded 0,221 U/mg.   Keywords: lipase, Durio zibethinus L., Lipase specific activity

PENENTUAN KADAR AMONIA (NH3) PADA AIR SUNGAI MAHAKAM MENGGUNAKAN SPEKTROFOTOMETER DENGAN METODE FENAT

Determination of Ammonia Levels (NH3) in Mahakam River Water at 5 points around the city of Samarinda has been carried out. The method used is to use a spectrophotometer by the phenate method. The results obtained at these five points are samples of Mahakam river water (Loa Janan Ilir), Mahakam river water (Samarinda Seberang), Mahakam river water (Sungai Kunjang), Mahakam river water (Samarinda Kota) and Mahakam river water (Sambutan) respectively with a concentration was 0.1043 mg/L; 0.1141 mg/L; 0.1303 mg/L; 0.0812 mg/L and 0.1214 mg/L. These results indicate that the highest ammonia concentration is in the Mahakam River (Sungai Kunjang), which is possible due to the high activity of ships.   Keywords: Ammonia, phenate method and Mahakam Rive

PEMANFAATAN ARANG AKTIF DARI LIMBAH SERBUK GERGAJI KAYU BANGKIRAI (Shorea Laevifolia Eudert) SEBAGAI ADSORBEN ZAT WARNA RHODAMIN B

Penelitian yang telah dilakukan mengenai pemanfaatan arang aktif dari limbah serbuk gergaji kayu bangkirai sebagai adsorben zat warna Rhodamin B. Arang aktif dikarakterisasi menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Didapatkan hasil karakterisasi SEM sebelum dikontakkan dengan Rhodamin B pada perbesaran 2.000 kali dan 5.000 kali bentuk morfologi permukaan seragam dan merata sedangkan sesudah dikontakkan dengan Rhodamin B pada perbesaran 2.000 kali dan 5.000 kali bentuk morfologi permukaan tidak seragam dan merata. Rhodamin B diadsorpsi oleh arang aktif dan diukur dengan menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang maksimum 554 nm. Didapatkan hasil kondisi optimum pada proses adsorpsi Rhodamin B sebanyak 25 mL adalah pada massa adsorben 0,2 gram, konsentrasi Rhodamin B 3 ppm dan waktu adsorpsi 45 menit dengan % teradsorpsi sebesar 96,37%.Researchthat has been done regarding the use of activated charcoal from wood sawdust waste bangkirai as an adsorbent of Rhodamine B dye. Activated charcoal was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). SEM characterization results were obtained before contact with Rhodamine B at a magnification of 2.000 times and 5.000 times the shape of the surface morphology was uniform and evenly distributed, while after contact with Rhodamine B at an enlargement of 2.000 times and 5.000 times the shape of the surface morphology was not uniform and even. Rhodamine B is adsorbed by activated charcoal and measured using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer at a maximum wavelength of 554 nm. The optimum conditions in the Rhodamine B adsorption process were 25 mL at the adsorbent mass 0,2 grams, the concentration of Rhodamine B 3 ppm and the adsorption time of 45 minutes with the % adsorbed of 96,37%

Pemanfaatan Arang Aktif Batang Pisang (Musa Paradisiaca L) Sebagai Pengadsorpsi Toluen

ABSTRACT     Test of activated carbon adsorption ability of banana stem waste (Musa paradisiaca L) on toluen has been carried out. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize activated carbon to show the morphological differences in activated carbon after activation and before toluen adsorption using a UV spectrophotometer with variations in the time of adsorption and concentration. The optimum toluen adsorption time obtained on the adsorbent weight of 0.4 gram, the concentration of toluene 40 ppm was 45 minutes, then the absorbed toluene concentration was 61,75%. the adsorption capacity was 1,5438 mg/L and the optimum toluene concentration at 1 grams, 60 minutes adsorption time was 40 ppm. The concentration of toluene absorbed was 73,875%.  Then the adsorption capacity was 0.07388 mg/L.       Keywords: Banana Stems, Toluen, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity.  ABSTRAK     Uji kemampuan adsorpsi karbon aktif dari limbah batang pisang (Musa paradisiaca L) terhadap toluen telah dilakukan. Pada karakterisasi karbon aktif digunakan alat Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) untuk menunjukkan adanya perbedaan morfologi karbon aktif setelah diaktivasi dan sebelum diaktivasi sedangkan adsorpsi toluen menggunakan alat spektrofotometer UV dengan variasi waktu adsorpsi dan konsentrasi. Didapatkan waktu adsorpsi toluen optimum pada berat adsorben 0,4 gram, konsentrasi toluen 40 ppm adalah 45 menit maka konsentrasi toluen yang terserap sebesar 61,75% dengan kapasitas adsorpsi sebesar 1,5438 mg/L dan konsentrasi toluen optimum pada 1 gram, waktu adsorpsi 60 menit konsentrasi 40 ppm, konsentrasi toluen yang terserap sebesar 73,875% dengan kapsitas adsorpsi sebesar 0,7388 mg/L.     Kata kunci : Batang Pisang, Toluen, Adsorpsi, Kapasitas Adsorpsi