Spiritual Intelligence as a predictor of mental health problems among high school students

This study investigated the relationship between Spiritual Intelligence (SI) and mental health problem scale and sub-scales (somatic symptoms, anxiety, social dysfunction and depression) among high school students. The participants in the study were students of 10th, 11th, and 12th grades from 8 public schools in Gorgan City which is located in the northern of Iran. They were 247 high school students, specifically comprised 124 boys and 123 girls, with age ranging between 15– 17 years old. The research is quantitative in nature –correlation– and tested for the alternative hypotheses. Three valid and reliable instruments were used to assess the participants’ SI, and mental health problems scale and sub-scales. Data analysis included frequencies, percentages, mean scores, Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression analysis. The findings of this study supported the hypothesis that there were negative relationships between SI, and scale and sub-scales of mental health problems. The findings of this study indicate that students with high SI have Low mental health problem scale and sub-scales (somatic symptoms, anxiety, social dysfunction and depression). It was also found that the SI sub-scales are significant predictors for mental health problem scale and sub-scales

The mediating role of emotional intelligence between spiritual intelligence and mental health problems among Iranian adolescents

This study examined the mediating role of emotional intelligence between spiritual intelligence and mental health. The participants in the study were 247 high school Iranian students, (124 male and 123 female, in the age range between 15 and 17 years old). The results showed that spiritual and emotional intelligences explained mental health problems differently. Structural equation modelling revealed that spiritual intelligence had indirect effect on mental health problems, via emotional intelligence. These findings have implications for prevention of mental health problems among adolescent

The relationship between self-concept, self-efficacy, self-esteem, anxiety and science performance among Iranian students

This study examined if students’ general self-concept, science self-concept, self-efficacy, science self-efficacy, self-esteem, anxiety and science anxiety can be considered as predictors for science performance among lower secondary school students. The participants in the study were 680 lower secondary school students, (317 male and 363 female, in the age 14 years old) at Tehran and Shahriar City, the province of Tehran, Iran. Five valid and reliable instruments were used to assess Self-concept Attribute Attitude Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, General Self-Efficacyquestionnaire and Science Self-Efficacy questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, correlation matrix of constructs and multiple regression analysis was used to analyses the data. The result demonstrated that general self-concept; science self-concept can be influence on science performance. But, self-efficacy, science self-efficacy, self-esteem,anxiety and science anxiety cannot be influence on science performance among 8th grade Iranian students in 2010/2011 academic year

A preliminary study about non-government organizations' approach to address violence against women in Iran

During the past years, 'violence against women' has changed its position. Now it is no longer considered as a matter concerning women, feminist or gender issues only. It has been recognized as a problem affecting human rights, public health, human development and family law. Feminist researchers have played the role in paving the way for others to pay attention to this serious problem. In addition, the international laws have improved; announcing that rape and other forms of sexual violence are actually 'crime against humanity, war crime, and even genocide. Unfortunately, even though these problems have become the focus of attention, little has been done to improve the quality of women's lives and its relation to family wellbeing. As a result since gender-based violence continues; lives of many girls and women are threatened; whether in peace or war. This study will focus on exploring and understanding Non-Government Organization's (NGO) approach to address gender-based violence. Specifically, the study investigates how, these organizations help to prevent violence against women and how It Influences the betterment of the family and society at large. It analyzes brochures, yearly reports and strategic planning reports on the interventions offered by the NGO to help against gender-based violence In Iran. The preliminary results indicate that the NGOs have Influence on government policy and rules on women and their rights

Comparison of science performance among male and female Iranian eighth grades students.

The main objective of the present study is to explore the comparison of male and female science performance. The participants in the study consisted of 680 lower secondary school children, 14 year olds (317 male and 363 female) at Tehran and Shahriar city, the province of Tehran, Iran. The research design was an ex-post facto and tested the alternative hypothesis. The students’ science performance which measured by the report school test was used to assess science performance. Descriptive statistics, and to compare male and female students in science performance ANOVA was used. The results showed that there is no significant difference between male and female students in science performance. This study supports the new findings that girls perform better than boys in science subject and has resulted in larger mean score in girls in science performance rather than boys

A review on emotional intelligence among homosexual of LGBT community

This study reviews on emotional intelligence among homosexual or Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Transsexual (LGBT) community. The literature was analyzed and organized according to the definitions of emotional intelligence of homosexual, in particular Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Transsexual (LGBT) community in detail. Freud proposed that everyone has hidden homosexual tendencies. On the other hand, social learning theory, exert that LGBT is due to socially acceptable behavior without being punished. There are two kinds of homosexuals, such as homosexual who can sync with their ego and who cannot sync with their ego. In this review, it was known that different kind of homosexual have different phases of emotional intelligence and identity formation. Finally, practical implication was suggested for future interventional study to compare earlier phase and later phase intervention for homosexual emotional intelligence development

An Islamic perspective on multicultural counselling: a Malaysian experience of Triad Training Model (TTM)

This paper confers an Islamic perspective of multicultural counselling. An anecdote from the authors’ Triad Training Model (TTM) experience of the supervisor - intern - client of Islam-Buddhism-Christian cross-cultural counselling is provided. The paper then enumerates the importance of ethnic racial identity in multicultural counselling. Accordingly, the supervisor’s multicultural competencies are discussed and the shades of spirituality according to Islam, Buddhism and Christianity are provided. Finally, this paper concludes with the resistance towards multicultural counselling and a summary ends the paper

A review of psychotherapy as add-on treatment to pharmacotherapy for bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder is a complex illness that makes its treatment challenging. Pharmacotherapy is the foremost remedy, however not all patients benefit from medication alone. Therefore, there are increasing studies to develop various psychotherapy approaches to enhance the treatment outcome. This study presents a systematic review of literatures on the psychotherapy approaches as add-on treatment to pharmacotherapy. Among literatures relevant to psychotherapy for bipolar disorder, four common approaches have been identified as adjunct to pharmacotherapy; namely cognitive-behavioral, family-focused, interpersonal and social rhythm and psychoeducation, literatures that discussed comprehensively and structurally across these approaches with evidence-based studies were tabulated to provide a detailed view of the treatment effects for each approach. The needs for using psychotherapy in treating bipolar disorder are clarified through the factors in medication limitation, functional recovery and models of onset and relapse in the illness. Further, discussion involves treatment effects for each identified approach in every tabulated literature and differences in effectiveness relating to various aspects of the illness and treatment condition. This study concluded positively on the benefits of using the four identified psychotherapy approaches for patients with bipolar disorder. The effectiveness of each approach varies under different contexts for different aspects of the illness. Suggestions are provided for future studies

Nutrient concentration of forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L) varieties under influenced of salinity and irrigation frequency.

The responses of forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.)Moench] varieties to salinity and irrigation frequency were studied from December 2008 to December 2009 at Universiti Putra Malaysia. Two salt tolerant varieties of forage sorghum, namely Speedfeed and KFS4, were grown under salinity levels of 0, 5, 10, 15 dS m-1 and irrigated when the leaf water potential reached -1(control),-1.5 and -2 MPa. Salinity and irrigation frequency significantly (P≤0.01) affected nutrient concentration of forage sorghum varieties tested. The factorial treatment combinations were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications.Sodium content decreased 7 and 17% among the irrigation frequency treatments of -1.5 and -2 MPa, respectively. Abrupt increases in Na contents were noticed at 5 and 10 dS m-1 salinity when Na accumulation increased 4 to 9 fold. Potassium diminished 29, 38 and 54% under 5, 10 and 15 dS m-1 salinity treatment respectively, and decreased 4 and 10% with increase in water stress to -1.5 and -2 MPa respectively. Accumulation of K+, Ca2+ and Mg+ in the shoots was strongly inhibited by salinity.Salinity substantially reduced plant growth as reflected by a decrease in the dry forage yields, and percent of mortality at high salinity levels. The maximum dry forage yields were 45.1, 38.9, and 38.5 g plant–1 for frequent, intermediate, and infrequent irrigation regimes, respectively. Based on salinity, the forage dry weight in control plants had the highest yield (44.09 g plant–1), while plants under the high salinity treatment gave the lowest yield (32.76 g plant–1)

Growth analysis of forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L) varieties under varying salinity and irrigation frequency.

Growth of forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] varieties was assessed under saline conditions (EC 0, 5, 10, 15 dS m-1) and irrigated when the leaf water potential reached -1(control),-1.5 and -2 MPa. The forage sorghum varieties namely Speedfeed and KFS4 were differed significantly for emergence, leaf area index, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate. Plants grown under water stress and saline conditions resulted in decreased leaf area which subsequently led to reduced plant growth. Infrequently watered sorghum plants had reduced dry mater, LAI, NAR and eventually dry matter yield. These reductions were higher when lower irrigation frequency was coupled with salinity. The highly significant declined was mostly at -2 MPa irrigation frequency. This indicates that irrigation at 2 weeks interval or till leaf water potential reaches to -1.5 MPa, is possible for forage sorghum