Prevalent soil transmitted helminth infections in relation to podoconiosis infection versus control status in Wolaita zone, rural Southern Ethiopia.

†<p>Multivariate logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, educational status, occupation.</p>¥<p>Definition of ‘Any STH’, ‘Double infection’ and ‘Triple infection’ are given in the statistical analysis section.</p>a,b,c,d,e,<p>The reference group for each geohelminth infection included the following:</p><p>^a,b,c,d. For individual species of geohelminths: individuals uninfected by any species <i>or</i> those infected with geohelminth species excluding that under investigation (eg. for hookworm the reference category includes individuals free of hook worm and those infected with non hookworm geohelminths).</p><p>^e For any STH infections: individuals uninfected by either species of geohelminth.</p

Socio-demographic characteristics of podoconiosis patients and neighborhood controls enrolled between January and June 2010 in Wolaita zone, rural Southern Ethiopia.

1<p>P value was calculated using Chi-squared test.</p>2<p>P value was calculated using t test to compare mean difference.</p

Soil transmitted helminth infections in relation to hemoglobin levels in podoconiosis patients and controls from Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia.

†<p>Estimated from multivariate linear regression models with hemoglobin as outcome and adjustment for age, sex, occupation and educational status.</p

Prevalence of anemia among podoconiosis patients and controls stratified by sex.

<p>The prevalence of anemia was significantly higher among male and female podoconiosis patients than among controls.</p

Effect of STH and hookworm infections on hemoglobin levels in podoconiosis patients using multivariate regression.

*<p>Interaction term.</p>**<p>Adjusted for age, sex, occupation and educational status.</p><p>The <i>reference</i> group for different categories of geohelminth infections was defined to include the following:</p>†<p>For any STH infections: Podoconiosis patients uninfected by any species of geohelminth.</p>††<p>For hookworm infection: Podoconiosis patients uninfected by any species of geohelminth, and patients infected with non hookworm geohelminths.</p>†††<p>For non-hookworm STH and hookworm: Podoconiosis patients uninfected by any species of geohelminth, and patients infected with only one species.</p

Clinical and socio-demographic correlates of any soil transmitted helminth infection in Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia.

†<p>Multivariate logistic regression adjusting for clinical status, sex, age, education, occupation, shoe wearing habit and stage of disease.</p>*<p>Statistically significant (P<0.05).</p>**<p>Data on stage of disease were available only for podoconiosis patients.</p