Antimalarial and cytotoxic constituents of <i>Xylaria</i> cf. <i>cubensis</i> PK108

<p><i>Xylaria</i> cf. <i>cubensis</i> PK108 was identified by its distinctive morphological characteristics and its internal transcribed spacers sequence analysis. The chromatographic separation and structural elucidation based on spectroscopic analysis of fungal crude extracts led to 10 compounds; tryptoquivaline L (<b>1</b>), fiscalin C (<b>2</b>), <i>epi</i>-fiscalin C (<b>3</b>), cytochalasin D (<b>4</b>), ergosterol (<b>5</b>), ergosterol peroxide (<b>6</b>), chevalone C (<b>7</b>), xylaranol B (<b>8</b>), helvolic acid (<b>9</b>) and cyclo-(l-Pro-l-Leu) (<b>10</b>). The bioassay screening showed that <b>4</b> displayed cytotoxicity against KB and NCI-H187 cancer cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 3.25 and 5.95 μg mL^− 1. <b>6</b> exhibited cytotoxicity against NCI-H187 with an IC₅₀ value of 5.81 μg mL^− 1. <b>7</b> and <b>9</b> showed antimalarial activity with IC₅₀ values of 25.00 and 6.25 μg mL^− 1, respectively. This result establishes <i>Xylaria</i> as broad spectrum bioactive compound producers.</p

Astraodoric Acids A–D: New Lanostane Triterpenes from Edible Mushroom <i>Astraeus odoratus</i> and Their Anti-<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> H₃₇Ra and Cytotoxic Activity

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the chronic infectious diseases caused by <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> that causes about 2–3 million deaths per year. Isoniazid and rifampicin are examples of first line drugs used for TB treatment; however, they are potentially hepatotoxic. More effective and safer drugs are urgently needed, especially from natural products. Basidiomycete mushrooms are known as important sources of pharmaceutically active metabolites including an anti-TB agent. In this work, the chemical constituents of the edible mushroom <i>Astraeus odoratus</i> were isolated and investigated for antibacterial activity against <i>M. tuberculosis</i> H₃₇Ra. The cytotoxic activity against cancerous cell lines was also evaluated. Four new lanostane triterpenes, astraodoric acids A–D, and new 5-hydroxyhypaphorine have been isolated together with four known compounds. The structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopic methods, HR-ESI-MS results, and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Astraodoric acids A and B exhibited moderate antibacterial (MICs of 50 and 25 μg/mL) and cytotoxic activities (IC₅₀ values of 34.69 and 18.57 μg/mL against KB and 19.99 and 48.35 μg/mL against NCI-H187), respectively. The results of this study show that <i>A. odoratus</i> could be a significant natural source for safer antitubercular and anticancer agents