Increasing milk production ability of lactating cows through improvement of feeding managemen

Increasing milk production ability of lactating cows through improvement of feeds and feeding frequency was conducted at Tanjungsari Village Cooperative. Fifteen lactating cows of 3-4 months of lactation period were used. The cows were divided into five groups based on their average daily milk production and lactation period. The treatment consisted of RO (control=commonly practiced by farmers), R1 (2.5 kg. concentrate, given three times per head per day). R2 (2 kg. Concentrate plus 13.5 kg roughage given three times per head per day). The experimental design was completely randomized block design. The quality of concentrate given to the lactating cows was a better than that given by the local farmers. Improving feed supplementation and feeding frequency significantly (P0.01) increased the consumption of dry matter, crude protein and  energy of the feeds, and thus increased daily milk production, solid non fat (SNF) and total solid (TS) of the milk (P0.05). Specific gravity of the milk was not affected by the treatments (P0.05). Substitution of 0.5 kg concentrate with 13.5 kg roughage resulted in non significant difference on the daily milk production as well as the quality of the milk, thus it gave no economic impact. The increase of daily milk production was followed by the increase of the incomes of the farmers by Rp 905 to Rp 1,425 per head per day. The result of the experiment leads to the assumption that the present feeding practices of the lactating cows should be improved accordingly.   Key words: Lactating cows, feeding, managemen

Pengaruh Koordinasi Kerja dan Wewenang Karyawan Terhadap Efektivitas Kerja Kayawan pada Universitas Medan Area

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh koordinasi kerja terhadap efektivitas kerja karyawan pada Universitas Medan Area, untuk mengetahui pengaruh wewenang karyawan terhadap efektivitas kerja karyawan pada Universitas Medan Area dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh koordinasi kerja dan wewenang karyawan terhadap efektivitas kerja karyawan pada Universitas Medan Area. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh karyawan yang ada di Universitas Medan Area yang berjumlah 72 orang karyawan, jumlah sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan di Universitas Medan Area yang berjumlah 72 orang. Sehingga penelitian ini disebut sampel penuh dimana seluruh karyawan dijadikan sampel. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket. Teknik analisis yang dipergunakan adalah uji stastistik yang menggunakan analisa regresi linier berganda dengan menggunakan Software SPSS for 17.00. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa koordinasi kerja dan wewenang karyawan secara keseluruhan maupun secara parsial berpengaruh positif terhadap efektivitas kerja karyawan pada Universitas Medan Area

Pembentukan Persepsi Gay Terhadap Pernikahan

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif mengenai Pembentukan Persepsi Gay Terhadap Pernikahan. Dalam hal ini hal yang ingin diteliti adalah Pembentukan Identitas Gay, Pembentukan Persepsi Terhadap Pernikahan dan Arti Pernikahan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah dua orang pria gay yang belum menikah yang berada pada usia dewasa. Penelitian kualitatif ini didukung oleh teori Tahap pembentukkan identitas gay, persepsi dan teori pernikahan. Homoseksual adalah seseorang yang memiliki ketertarikan antara sesama gendernya. Homoseksual dibagi atas dua bagian yaitu gay dan lesbi. Gay adalah seseorang yang memiliki ketertarikan antara laki-laki dengan laki-laki. Lesbi adalah ketertarikan antar perempuan dengan perempuan. Bedahalnya dengan biseks mempunyai suatu ketertariakan antar kedua-duanya yakni antara laki-laki dan Perempuan. Persepsi adalah merupakan proses penilaian terhadap objek tertentu. Pernikahan adalah suatu ikatan antara pria dengan wanita sebagai suami istri yang sah berdasarkan hukum, agama dan masyarakat. Hasil penelitin ini menyimpulkan bahwa pembentukan identitas gay terhadap Faisal (responden I) dan Juna (responden II) adalah suatu perhatian yang berlebihan dari orang tua dimana responden adalah sosok yang di manja dalam keluarganya dan adanya faktor lingkungan dimana responden dimasa kecilnya sering bermain dengan anak perempuan dari pada anak laki-laki. Hal inilah yang memicu kedua responden menjadi seorang gay yang memiliki suatu ketertarikan antara laki-laki dengan laki-laki. Dalam hal ini kedua responden mempersepsikan pernikahan adalah suatu hal yang baik untuk dilakukan dimana pemikahan dapat berdampak positif terhadap orang yang melakukan pernikahan baik itu dimata hukum, agama dan masyaraka

Opportunities and Challenges to Improve National Milk Production

National milk production is still unable to fulfil the demand of milk from year by years. Imported dairy cows were able to increase national milk production, but it hasn't able yet to meet the demand of milk that is increased each year. Therefore, national milk production must be increased significantly in order to reduce the gap between national milk production and the demand of milk step by step in the coming years. The opportunities to increase national milk production are still feasible. The recommendation of importing dairy cows is good to continue, increased calving rate has to be planed and reducing mortality rate must be conducted for increasing dairy cows population and the national milk production. The opportunities for increasing national milk production in the form of improving feed management and intensifying artificial insemination have not been implemented optimally. Feed improvement management could be created through increasing quantity and quality of feed, giving opportunity of increasing national milk production about 23,85%. The wide open opportunities to increase national milk production are not free from amount of challenges. The price of milk is still low, the limit of forage production, uneconomical dairy scale farming, unsatisfied livestock breeding, the lack of capital, the competitive of milk import, inefficient management of milk cooperative are the significant challenges in increasing national milk production.   Key words: Dairy cattle, milk production, supply and deman

Correlation between Vitamin D Receptor Gene FOKI and BSMI Polymorphisms and the Susceptibility to Pulmonary Tuberculosis in an Indonesian Batak-ethnic Population

Aim: to explore the role of FokI and BsmI polymorphisms the VDR gene in the susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in an Indonesian Batak ethnic population. Methods: matched case-control study was conducted on 76 PTB patients and 76 healthy normal control. Genetic polymorphisms of Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) gene were analysed using PCR-RFLP. Results: the frequencies of FokI genotypes were FF 35.5%, Ff 55.3%, ff 9.2% for PTB patients and FF 39.5%, Ff 44.7.% and ff 15.8% for normal control. The BsmI genotypes frequencies were BB 0%, Bb 68.4%, bb 31.6% for TB patients and BB 2.6%, Bb 23.7% and bb 73.7% for control. There was no significant association between FokI genotype and PTB (OR 1.39, 95% CI: 0.69-2.77 for Ff genotype and OR 0.64, 95% CI: 0.22-1.86 for ff genotype). There was a significant association between BsmI genotype and PTB; the bb genotype was associated with a decreased risk to PTB (OR 0.22, 95% CI: 0.11-0.45). Conclusion: in Indonesian Batak ethnic population, there was no association between FokI polymorphism of VDR gene with host susceptibility to PTB. There was a significant association between BsmI polymorphism of VDR gene; bb genotype was associated with a decreased risk to PTB. Key words: pulmonary tuberculosis, polymorphisms, vitamin D receptor gene, Batak, Indonesi

Sang Pemimpin: Kumpulan Cerpen

v + 161 hl

Telepon

23cm;411ha

Titik Temu Kumpulan Cerita Pendek

84 hlm,; ilus,; 21 c