Measurement of serum lactate values in domestic cats (Felis catus) submitted to physical and chemical restraint

The use of serum lactate has become increasingly common in Veterinary Medicine, since it is an excellent marker of tissue oxygenation, elevated in situations of tissue hypoxia, where anaerobic glycolysis is used as an energy source. Studies point out its use in dogs as a prognostic factor in several affections; however it is not commonly used in domestic felines due to the high stress threshold of the species, which may interfere with their values. The aim of the present study was to evaluate serum lactate values in domestic cats during physical restraint and after chemical restraint using the combination of 8mg/kg ketamine-S, 0.4 mg/kg midazolam, and 2 mg/kg Tramadol. To this end, 20 clinically healthy female cats without defined race, from six months to five years of age, were divided into two groups, GPR (n = 10) represented by felines that had only physical restraint and the GCR (n = 10) by felines that underwent physical restraint (TPR) and after 30 hours by chemical restraint (TCR). It was observed that in both groups (GPR and CPR) during physical restraint presented hyperlactatemia (GPR = 6.23 ± 0.9 mmol/L – GCR – Tpr = 6.66 ± 1.59 mmol/L) and mean values of 4.42 ± 1.28 mmol/L during chemical restraint (GCR – Tcr). It was concluded that physical restraint interferes with serum lactate values, with the reduction of such values with the use of chemical restraint in the feline species.A utilização do lactato sérico é cada vez mais comum na Medicina Veterinária, por ser um excelente marcador de oxigenação tecidual, elevando-se em situações de hipóxia tecidual e realizando a glicólise anaeróbica como fonte de energia. Pesquisas científicas em cães o apontam como fator prognóstico em diversas afecções, sendo pouco utilizado em felinos domésticos devido ao elevado limiar de estresse da espécie, podendo interferir em seus valores. Assim, este trabalho avaliou os valores de lactato sérico em felinos domésticos durante contenção física e após contenção química, utilizando a associação de 8 mg/kg de cetamina-S, 0,4 mg/kg de midazolam e 2 mg/kg de cloridrato de tramadol. Foram estudados 20 felinos, fêmeas, sem raça definida,  de seis meses a cinco anos de idade, clinicamente saudáveis, divididos em dois grupos, com GPR (n = 10) representado por felinos que passaram apenas por contenção física e com GCR por felinos que passaram por contenção física (TPR) e após 30 horas por contenção química (TCR). Foi observado em ambos os grupos (GPR e GCR) e durante a contenção física a hiperlactatemia sérica (GPR = 6.23 ± 0.9 mmol / L – GCR – TPR = 6.66 ± 1.59 mmol / L) com valores médios de 4,42 ± 1,28 mmol/L durante a contenção química (GCR – TCR). Conclui-se que a contenção física interfere nos valores do lactato sérico, com redução dos valores na utilização da contenção química na espécie felina

Análise radiográfica e anatômica do membro pélvico do Lobo-Guará (Chrysocyonbrachyurus)

O trabalho teve por objetivos analisar o membro pélvico do lobo-guará por meio de exames radiográficos, com ênfase em mensurações, angulares ou não, do fêmur e patela; e pela anatomia macroscópica descritiva dos ossos. Foram utilizados 10 lobos-guará (Chrysocyon brachyurus), sendo cinco animais vivos e cinco cadáveres.Os exames radiográficos foram efetuados em posições ventrodorsal, craniocaudal, dorsoplantar e mediolateral. Não se constatou diferença estatisticamente significativa nas mensurações radiográficas entre os membros pélvicos direito e esquerdo. Os valores médios foram: ângulo de Norberg de 113,1º; ângulo de inclinação femoral para os métodos Hauptman A, Hauptman B e Tomlinson, respectivamente, de 137,6°, 131,6° e 130,9°; ângulo varo femoral de 4,8º; ângulos anatômicos femoral distal lateral e femoral proximal lateral de 96,0° e 95,5°; ângulos mecânicos femoral distal lateral e femoral proximal lateral de 97,5° e 95,1º; comprimento do ligamento patelar (L) de 4,6 cm, comprimento longitudinal da patela de 2,4 cm (P) e proporção (L:P) de 1,9 cm.Pela anatomia macroscópica os ossos do lobo-guará apresentaram, no geral, muitas similaridades com o cão doméstico, apesar de algumas particularidades. Desta forma, foi possível concluir que os valores das mensurações angulares do fêmur do lobo-guará são compatíveis com um osso mais retilíneo, com cabeça femoral bem acoplada ao acetábulo e com baixa inclinação da cabeça e colo do fêmur, além de anatomicamente apresentar características de fêmur mais curto que a tíbia, e ossos proporcionalmente longos e delgados.The aim of this study was to evaluate the hind limbs of maned wolves by radiologicalmeasurements, including femur and patella, and to describe the gross anatomy of the bones. Ten maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus), five alive and five cadavers, were used. Ventrodorsal, craniocaudal, dorsoplantar and mediolateral radiographic views were performed. There were no statistically significant differences of the radiologicalmeasurements between the right and left hind limbs. The Norberg angle was 113.1º. The femoral angle of inclination by Hauptman A, Hauptman B and Tomlinson methods were respectively 137.6°, 131.6°and 130.9°. The femoral varus angle was 4.8º. The anatomical lateral distal femoral angle, anatomical lateral proximal femoral angle, mechanical lateral distal femoral angle and mechanical lateral proximal femoral angle were respectively 96°, 95.5°; 97.5°and 95.1º. Thepatellar ligament length (L), patella length (P) and L:P ratio were 4.6 cm, 2.4 cm and 1.9 cm, respectively.In general, the gross anatomy of the hind limb bones showed many similarities between wolves and the domestic dog, despite some peculiarities. In conclusion, the values of femoral angle measurements in maned wolvesare compatible with a bone shaft less curved cranially, with femoral headandthe acetabulum that fit well, and a low inclination angle of the femoral head and neck, besides anatomically display features of a femur shorter than the tibia, and proportionally long and slender bones.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

ESTUDO ELETROCARDIOGRÁFICO E CLÍNICO DE FELINOS SUBMETIDOS À ANESTESIA DISSOCIATIVA ASSOCIADA AO CLORIDRATO DE TRAMADOL, COM OU SEM FORNECIMENTO DE OXIGÊNIOTERAPIA VIA MÁSCARA

The association of tiletamine with zolazepam (T/Z) is commonly used in dissociative anesthesia in household pets. This combination induces short-duration somatic analgesia, loss of voluntary movements and myorelaxation caused by the benzodiazepin, with stimulation of the ardiovascular system and maintenance of protective reflexes. Due to the large use of this association in elective neutering of felines and its anesthetic properties, we chose to monitorize and identify electrocardiographic (ECG) and clinical changes during the anesthetic procedure, with and without oxygen supplementation. For this study, 20 female felines were recruited. All animals were young adults, healthy, no specific breed. The subjects underwent clinical, laboratorial and electrocardiographic evaluations prior to anesthesia. Tramadol hydrochloride was given as Preanesthetic medication followed by anesthesia with T/Z. The felines were randomly assigned to either Group 1 (n=10), in which subjects received oxygen supplementation through mask during the anesthetic procedure, or Group 2 (n=10), in which subjects were not supplemented with oxygen. Heart and respiratory rates, systolic blood pressure, rectal temperature and pulse oxymetry were monitored in all subjects from both groups. We also obtained recordings of the ECG tracing and derivations for each animal which were posteriorly evaluated and interpreted. The results showed significant differences between the groups in respiratory rate (G1 = 26,8 +/- 2,1 and G2= 38,5+/- 3,2) and pulse oxymetry (G1= 97,3 +/- 2,4% and G2 = 91,2 +/- 1,1%). We also observed on the ECG recordings development of periods of intermittent right branch blockage and S-T elevation in both groups. We therefore concluded that the ECG recordings were identical in both groups despite oxygenotherapy; however, we observed an improvement in the clinical parameters in animals who received oxygen supplementation via mask