63 research outputs found
The challenges of change:Exploring the dynamics of police reform in Scotland
Despite a long tradition of pessimism regarding the scope for meaningful change in police practices, recent structural reforms to police organizations in several European countries suggest that significant change in policing is possible. Drawing on recent research into the establishment and consequences of a national police force in Scotland, this article uses instrumental, cultural and myth perspectives taken from organization theory to examine how change happened and with what effects. It highlights how police reform involves a complex interplay between the strategic aims of government, the cultural norms of police organizations and the importance of alignment with wider views about the nature of the public sector. The article concludes by identifying a set of wider lessons from the experience of organizational change in policing
Single 3 transition metal atoms on multi-layer graphene systems: electronic configurations, bonding mechanisms and role of the substrate
The electronic configurations of Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu adatoms on graphene and
graphite have been studied by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and charge
transfer multiplet theory. A delicate interplay between long-range interactions
and local chemical bonding is found to influence the adatom equilibrium
distance and magnetic moment. The results for Fe and Co are consistent with
purely physisorbed species having, however, different 3-shell occupancies on
graphene and graphite ( and , respectively). On the other hand,
for the late 3 metals Ni and Cu a trend towards chemisorption is found,
which strongly quenches the magnetic moment on both substrates.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
Electronic structure of -SiAlON: effect of varying Al/O concentration at finite temperatures relevant for thermal quenchin
-SiAlON is a prominent example of systems
suitable as hosts for creating materials for light-emitting diodes. In this
work, the electronic structure of a series of ordered and disordered
-SiAlON systems is investigated by means of
ab initio calculations, using the FLAPW and the Green function KKR methods.
Finite temperature effects are included within the alloy analogy model. We
found that the trends with the Al/O doping are similar for ordered and
disordered structures. The electronic band gap decreases with increasing by
about 1 eV when going from =0 to =2. The optical gap decreases
analogously as the electronic band gap. The changes in the density of states
(DOS) at Si and N atoms introduced by doping -SiN with Al
and O are comparable to the DOS at Al and O atoms themselves. The bottom of the
conduction band in -SiAlON is formed by
extended states residing on all atomic types. Increasing the temperature leads
to a shift of the bottom of the conduction band to lower energies. The amount
of this shift increases with increasing doping .Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures, 1 tabl
Finite-temperature magnetism of FePd and CoPt alloys
The finite-temperature magnetic properties of FePd and
CoPt alloys have been investigated. It is shown that the
temperature-dependent magnetic behaviour of alloys, composed of originally
magnetic and non-magnetic elements, cannot be described properly unless the
coupling between magnetic moments at magnetic atoms (Fe,Co) mediated through
the interactions with induced magnetic moments of non-magnetic atoms (Pd,Pt) is
included. A scheme for the calculation of the Curie temperature () for
this type of systems is presented which is based on the extended Heisenberg
Hamiltonian with the appropriate exchange parameters obtained from
{\em ab-initio} electronic structure calculations. Within the present study the
KKR Green's function method has been used to calculate the parameters.
A comparison of the obtained Curie temperatures for FePd and
CoPt alloys with experimental data shows rather good agreement.Comment: 10 pages, 12 figure
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