Transition to Homeownership Among Immigrant Groups and Natives in West Germany, 1984–2008

The present paper analyzes transitions to homeownership among immigrant groups and natives in West Germany over a 24–year period from 1984 to 2008. Using data from the German Socioeconomic Panel (GSOEP), we find that everything else being equal, Turks, ex-Yugoslavians, Southern Europeans and Eastern Europeans do not display any differences in transitions into homeownership. Immigrants from wealthy western countries and native Germans possess similar and higher transitions into homeownership. Factors exhibiting a positive effect on transitions to homeownership include years since migration, marital status, age, income and education

The Clock Constraint Specification Language for building timed causality models

International audienceThe UML Profile for Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time and Embedded (RTE) systems has recently been adopted by the OMG. Its Time Model extends the informal and simplistic Simple Time package proposed by Unified Modeling Language (UML2) and offers a broad range of capabilities required to model RTE systems including discrete/dense and chronometric/logical time. The Marte specification introduces a Time Structure inspired from several time models of the concurrency theory and proposes a new clock constraint specification language (CCSL) to specify, within the context of the UML, logical and chronometric time constraints. A semantic model in CCSL is attached to a (UML) model to give its timed causality semantics. In that sense, CCSL is comparable to the Ptolemy environment, in which directors give the semantics to models according to predefined models of computations and communication. This paper focuses on one historical model of computation of Ptolemy [SynchronousData Flow(SDF)] and shows how to build SDF graphs by combining UML and CCSL models