ITC profiles for the titrations of lysozyme solution at different stages with 0.25 M TMAO at 25°C.

<p>ITC profiles for the titrations of lysozyme solution at different stages with 0.25 M TMAO at 25°C.</p

Fluorescence emission intensity accompanying the binding of ThT with amyloid fibrils after 72 h of incubation in the presence of (▪) ThT, (•) ThT + native lysozyme, (▴) ThT + lysozyme aggregates (Panel A); and kinetics of the lysozyme amyloid formation (Panel B), point I shows lysozyme at the native state, point II denotes the end of nucleation period and beginning of the elongation stage, point III shows lysozyme at the middle of the elongation period and points IV, V and VI denotes the saturation stages of lysozyme.

<p>Fluorescence emission intensity accompanying the binding of ThT with amyloid fibrils after 72 h of incubation in the presence of (▪) ThT, (•) ThT + native lysozyme, (▴) ThT + lysozyme aggregates (Panel A); and kinetics of the lysozyme amyloid formation (Panel B), point I shows lysozyme at the native state, point II denotes the end of nucleation period and beginning of the elongation stage, point III shows lysozyme at the middle of the elongation period and points IV, V and VI denotes the saturation stages of lysozyme.</p

Representative ITC profiles for the titration of (A) lysozyme with buffer at 25°C, and (B) lysozyme at 37°C (C) lysozyme at 60°C, and heat induced aggregates of lysozyme after incubation period of (D) 48 h, (E) 61 h, and (F) 90 h.

<p>Representative ITC profiles for the titration of (A) lysozyme with buffer at 25°C, and (B) lysozyme at 37°C (C) lysozyme at 60°C, and heat induced aggregates of lysozyme after incubation period of (D) 48 h, (E) 61 h, and (F) 90 h.</p

Transmission Electron Microscopic images of lysozyme solution (A) in the native state, and after the incubation at 57°C for (B) after 48 h, (C) 61 h and (D) 90 h which correspond to the stages I, II, III and V of Figure 2B, respectively.

<p>Transmission Electron Microscopic images of lysozyme solution (A) in the native state, and after the incubation at 57°C for (B) after 48 h, (C) 61 h and (D) 90 h which correspond to the stages I, II, III and V of <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0104600#pone-0104600-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2B</a>, respectively.</p

ITC profiles for the titrations of lysozyme solution at saturation stage (after 90 h of incubation) with (A) L-proline (B) 4-hydroxy-L-proline and (C) sarcosine at 25°C.

<p>ITC profiles for the titrations of lysozyme solution at saturation stage (after 90 h of incubation) with (A) L-proline (B) 4-hydroxy-L-proline and (C) sarcosine at 25°C.</p

ITC profiles for the titrations of lysozyme at nucleation stage (after 48 h of incubation) with (A) L-proline (B) 4-hydroxy-L-proline and (C) sarcosine at 25°C.

<p>ITC profiles for the titrations of lysozyme at nucleation stage (after 48 h of incubation) with (A) L-proline (B) 4-hydroxy-L-proline and (C) sarcosine at 25°C.</p

Kinetics of lysozyme fibril extension in absence and in presence of different concentration of osmolytes (A) L-proline, (B) 4-hydroxy-L-proline, (C) sarcosine, and (D) trimethylamine-N-oxide studied by monitoring the changes in fluorescence emission intensity as a function of time.

<p>Kinetics of lysozyme fibril extension in absence and in presence of different concentration of osmolytes (A) L-proline, (B) 4-hydroxy-L-proline, (C) sarcosine, and (D) trimethylamine-N-oxide studied by monitoring the changes in fluorescence emission intensity as a function of time.</p

TEM images of lysozyme under different incubation conditions: images (A), (B), (C) and (D) are those for lysoyme solution incubated at 57°C in presence of L-proline, 4-hydroxy L-proline, sarcosine and TMAO respectively.

<p>TEM images of lysozyme under different incubation conditions: images (A), (B), (C) and (D) are those for lysoyme solution incubated at 57°C in presence of L-proline, 4-hydroxy L-proline, sarcosine and TMAO respectively.</p

DSC scans of 10 mg ml⁻¹ lysozyme (A) at the different stages of fibrillization process: line A represents only buffer, B represents for naïve lysozyme, line C represents for nucleation phase after 48 h of incubation, line D represents for elongation period after 61 h of incubation and line E represents for saturation phase after 90 h of incubation and (B) showing change in heat capacity at the different stages of fibrillization process: line N represents C_p for native stage, line E represents C_p for elongated stage and line S represents C_p for saturation stage.

<p>DSC scans of 10 mg ml⁻¹ lysozyme (A) at the different stages of fibrillization process: line A represents only buffer, B represents for naïve lysozyme, line C represents for nucleation phase after 48 h of incubation, line D represents for elongation period after 61 h of incubation and line E represents for saturation phase after 90 h of incubation and (B) showing change in heat capacity at the different stages of fibrillization process: line N represents C_p for native stage, line E represents C_p for elongated stage and line S represents C_p for saturation stage.</p

The limiting standard enthalpies of interaction ().

<p>The limiting standard enthalpies of interaction ().</p