Comparative Electrical Characterization of SnTe Thin Films Grown by Thermal Evaporation and RTA Techniques

Semiconducting SnTe thin films were grown by conventional thermal evaporation technique as well as by rapid thermal annealing technique. The stoichiometric SnTe was achieved by starting with the initial Sn:Te ratio as 1:1.2, 1:1.3 and 1:1.4. Variation of hall coefficient, conductivity and mobility were studied as a function of temperatureand were discussed in terms of light and heavy hole valence band, scattering mechanisms, etc. These results were compared with variation in similar electrical parameters observed in the case of SnTe film grown by thermal evaporation technique and shown that RTA grown films possesses comparative electrical properties

Growth and Structural Characterization of Semiconducting Tin Telluride Thin Films by Novel Rapid Thermal Annealing Technique

Tin Telluride is a representative IV-VI compound semiconductor of narrow band gap with potential use in IR detector. Thin films of SnTe were grown by a novel, cost effective rapid thermal annealing (RTA) technique. For this, elemental layers of Sn and Te were deposited on a quartz substrate and then subjected to rapid thermal annealing at optimized temperature and duration. The required experimental set up was designed and fabricated. Formation of single phase formation of SnTe was confirmed from X-ray diffraction technique. The crystalline size were calculated. The duration and temperature of annealing were optimized. Further, the required excess Te composition for single phase stoichiometric SnTe film was also optimized. It has been shown that thin films of single phase SnTe can be grown by rapid thermal annealing

Intra-operative uterine scar condition and fetomaternal outcome in patients of previous lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) with scar tenderness

Background: During past few years, there is increasing trend in trial of labor in cases of previous lower segment caesarian section (LSCS). It needs vigilant approach in identifying signs and symptoms of giving way of previous scar. This study is to see the intra-operative uterine scar condition and feto-maternal outcome in patients of previous LSCS with scar tenderness.Methods: This is a prospective study done in Safdarjung hospital, New Delhi. It includes 120 patients of previous lower segment caesarian section with scar tenderness operated as emergency cases over a period of one year. It excludes elective repeat LSCS.Results: During this period repeat emergency LSCS was done in 862 cases and scar tenderness was seen in 120 cases (13.92 %). Out of 120 cases enrolled for the study intra-operative scar was intact in 69 cases (57.5%). Scar was thinned out in 27 cases (22.5%). Scar dehiscence was found in 21 cases (17.5%). Rupture occurred in 3 cases (2.5%) out of which 2 were Fresh still births. NICU admission was done in 11 cases (9.17%). 1 neonatal death occurred. No maternal death was recorded. Average hospital stay was 6 days. Blood transfusion was needed in 23 cases (19.2%).Conclusions: Scar tenderness is a very important tool for predicting scar integrity. All cases of previous LSCS should have institutional delivery

Host Records of Lipolexis oregmae Gahan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) with Food Plants in India (A Review Article)

The present review article deals the association of Lipolexis oregmae Gahan with their aphid host and their food plants for the possible use in biological control programme. Aphids are small sap sucking plant bugs and most important groups of phytophagous insect because of their polymorphism, host alternative heterocious behaviour and reproductive habits, they cause serious problems on agricultural and horticultural plants even at low densities so their management is necessary. L.oregmae Gahan is very important aphid parasitoids and widely distributed throughout the Asia and considered as an important parasitoids for the biological control programme. It has been successfully introduced in Florida and other areas. It is recorded on 19 aphid species (Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii,  Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus, Aphis (Toxoptera) odinae, Aphis craccivora, Aphis fabae, Aphis gossypii, Aphis nasturtii, Aphis nerii, Aphis ruborum longisetosus, Aphis solanella, Aphis spiraecola, Greenidae formosana, Liosomaphis himalayensis, Myzus avenae, Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae, Sitobion avenae, Tuberolachnus salignu) in India on several specific host plants. Its maximum parasitization was recorded on Aphis gossypii infesting (23 host plants), followed by Aphis craccivora (19 host plants), Aphis nasturtii (16 host plants), Aphis spiraecola (13 host plants) and Myzus persicae (9 host plants)

Melting and Casting of Non-ferrous Metals and Alloys

In general sense, a casting is produced when molten metal is poured into a mould and left to cool and solidify. The other name given to a casting is 'Founding'. In casting process, metal/ alloy component parts of desired shapes are produced by pouring the molten metal/alloy into a prepared mould (of that shape) and then allowing the molten metal/alloy to cool and solidify. This solidified piece of metal/alloy is known as a casting

Assessment of patient satisfaction after levonorgestral containing intrauterine system insertion in women with abnormal uterine bleeding

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding is a common gynecological complaint affecting 10-30% of reproductive-aged women and it can result from different causes which adversely affects the woman’s quality of life, necessitating its appropriate and adequate management. Among all the pharmacological and surgical management options of AUB. LNG-IUS is emerging as a safer and effective treatment option of AUB. However apprehension about discomfort associated with the use of intrauterine device leads to its untimely removal. Aim of current study was to conduct a prospective qualitative study to observe the level of patient satisfaction with the use of LNG-IUS in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding.Methods: This study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, MGM medical college and M.Y. Group of Hospitals, Indore from March 2017- March 2018. Follow up was done at 1, 3, 6 months.Results: In our study, majority of the women (90%) had improvement in their abnormal uterine bleeding along with significant increase in mean hemoglobin level from7.30+1.29 gm%  to 8.71+1.27 gm% at the end of six months. 86.66% of these patients were very satisfied with the use of LNG IUS,Conclusions: LNG-IUS is an effective device for medical management of AUB and it should be used as the first line therapy for the same. It should always be considered before surgical interventions. It yields promising result in terms of patient satisfaction.

Seven Wonders (Principles) for Managing Diabetes

We can trace back diabetes to ancient scripts. It finds mention in all major religious scriptures. In Hindu religion, the famous mythological idol Lord Ganesha was reported to suffer from this so called ‘disease of affluence’. His disease condition was rightly attributed to his life style. It is said that Lord Siva; father of Lord Ganesha made a magic herbal remedy which effectively treated his son.

A randomized study for two techniques of immediate post-partum intrauterine contraceptive device insertion in India

Background: Postpartum women are susceptible for unintended pregnancy in the first postpartum year. They should be counselled by cafeteria approach and those who opt for Postpartum Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (PPIUCD), it should be inserted in the same sitting. Aims of current study were to compare 1) The technical feasibility in terms of client discomfort, immediate expulsion, perforation and time taken in insertion of the two insertion techniques, Manually vs Kelly's placental forceps. 2) The complications of the two techniques of insertion. 3) The expulsion rates at 1, 3 and 6 months.Methods: This was a randomized study in which 150 women were recruited. Group A had 75 subjects and insertion of PPIUCD was done manually. Group B had 75 subjects and insertion was done with Kelly’s placental forceps.Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the mild discomfort during insertion by either technique. Time taken for insertion was significantly lower in group A. The combined expulsion rate (spontaneous complete expulsion and partial expulsion) at the end of 6 months was 11.9% in group A and 10.5% in group B (not statistically significant). Pain (16% in group A and 12% in group B) was the most common problem encountered by IUD users followed by menstrual problems (10.7% in group A and 8% in group B). There was no significant difference in the complication rate for the two groups (P >0.05).Conclusions: Manual technique of insertion of PPIUCD is equally good as compared to Kelly’s placental forceps and it has no economic implications for purchasing and maintenance.

Study of antepartum haemorrhage and its maternal and perinatal outcome

Background: Antepartum haemorrhage (APH) is defined as bleeding from or into the genital tract after the period of viability until delivery of fetus. Etiology includes placenta previa, abruptio placentae, local causes, systemic causes and idiopathic origin. Objective of this study was to identify factors associated with APH, and to quantitate maternal morbidity, mortality and perinatal outcome in patients with APH at a tertiary care center in India.Methods: The study was a retrospective observational study and patient information was obtained from delivery records of 100 women presenting at gestational age of 28 weeks and above with APH. All patients with bleeding per vagina after 28 weeks of gestation were included in the study and were grouped as – Placenta Previa (PP), Abruptio Placenta (AP) or unknown causes.Results: Out of total 100 cases of APH, placenta previa contributed to 80%, abruptio placenta 19% and 1% unknown causes. Overall maternal mortality was 6%. Perinatal mortality was 42%. Prevalence of low birth weight and preterm babies was high.Conclusions: APH is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality which could be prevented by early registration, regular antenatal care, early detection of high risk cases, and early referral to higher center. Good facilities for caesarean section, availability of blood banks and multidisciplinary approach with a good NICU can improve maternal and perinatal outcome of APH. The results of this study were found in good agreement with previous studies