Recent status on carbohydrate metabolizing enzyme inhibitors in regulation of diabetes: a mechanism based review

The important therapeutic approach for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus is to decrease the post-prandial glucose levels which could be done by decreasing the absorption of glucose through the inhibition of the carbohydrates-hydrolyzing enzymes such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase present in the small intestinal brush border that are responsible for the breakdown of oligosaccharides and disaccharides into monosaccharide’s and suitable for absorption. Inhibition of α-amylase generally considered as strategy for the treatment of disorders in carbohydrate uptake, such as diabetes and obesity. Among the marketed allopathic preparations carbohydrates-hydrolyzing enzymes Inhibitors like acarbose, voglibose etc delay carbohydrate digestion and prolong overall carbohydrate digestion time, causing a reduction in the rate of glucose absorption and consequently blunting the postprandial plasma glucose rise. Some of the plants are also considered as an important source of chemical constituent with potential for inhibition of α-amylase and can be used as therapeutic purposes. In this review our efforts have been devoted to explore the mechanism based carbohydrates-hydrolyzing enzymes Inhibitors for the regulation of diabetes

In Vitro Antidiabetic Effect of Neohesperidin

Objective: The present study was performed to determine in vitro antidiabetic effect of neohesperidin. To evaluate inhibitory effect of neohesperidin on α-amylase and α-glucosidase diabetes causing enzyme. Methods and Materials: Invitro carbohydrate metabolizing enzyme based inhibitory methods were used to determine antidiabetic effect of neohesperidin. Alpha (α)-amylase inhibitory assay was performed using different sources i.e. wheat alpha (α)-amylase enzyme, salivary alpha (α)-amylase and fungal alpha (α)-amylase assay. Alpha (α)-glucosidase inhibitory assay was performed using alpha (α)-glucosidase (B. stearothermophil), alpha (α)-glucosidase rat intestine and alpha (α)-glucosidase from baker’s yeast. Sucrase inhibitory assay from rat small intestine. Result: Neohesperidin possess a potent anti-diabetic by significantly inhibiting alpha amylase activity. Conclusion: It was concluded that enzyme inhibitory activity of neohesperidin shown a significantly higher inhibitory activity on alpha-amylase in comparision to alpha-glucosidase & Sucrase enzymes. Keywords: Neohespiridin, acarbose, alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidas