9 research outputs found
Grape extract protect against ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage
Grape extracts of different cultivars (Flame seedless, Kishmish chorni, Red globe and Thompson seedless) were investigated for in vitro antioxidant activity by ABTS assay, and compared protective efficacy against radiation-induced DNA damage. Seed extract showed the highest scavenging activity, followed by skin extract. Among different cultivars, ‘flame seedless’ skin extract showed higher scavenging activity followed by ‘Kishmish chorni’ skin extract. Grape extracts significantly prevented radiation-induced plasmid DNA damage. Super-coiled pBR 322 plasmid DNA (~93%) is completely converted to open circular (~97%) and linear (~2%) form at a dose of 150 Gy γ-radiation. Pretreatment with different grape extracts showed various degree of protection against radiation-induced DNA damage. Pretreatment with 1.6 µg grape skin extract of ‘Thompson seedless’ cultivar or grape flesh extract of any tested cultivar diminished the DNA strand breaks, and there was an increase in the super coiled form of DNA against 150 Gy of γ-radiation. However, pretreated pBR 322 DNA with the skin of ‘Kishmish chorni’ cultivars or seed of ‘red globe’ grape cultivars remained static during electrophoresis and confined in the groove on exposure to 150 Gy γ-radiation treatment. Co-treatment with the skin of red globe cultivar also partially confined plasmid DNA in the groove. The same trend was observed when plasmid DNA was exposed to 1.2 kGy γ-radiation. Our investigation revealed that anthocyanin present in grape skin was probably involved in radio protective activities through the formation of co-pigmentation with DNA
Grape extract protect against ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage
219-227Grape extracts of different cultivars (Flame seedless, Kishmish chorni, Red globe and Thompson seedless) were investigated for in vitro antioxidant activity by ABTS assay, and compared protective efficacy against radiation-induced DNA damage. Seed extract showed the highest scavenging activity, followed by skin extract. Among different cultivars, ‘flame seedless’ skin extract showed higher scavenging activity followed by ‘Kishmish chorni’ skin extract. Grape extracts significantly prevented radiation-induced plasmid DNA damage. Super-coiled pBR 322 plasmid DNA (~93%) is completely converted to open circular (~97%) and linear (~2%) form at a dose of 150 Gy γ-radiation. Pretreatment with different grape extracts showed various degree of protection against radiation-induced DNA damage. Pretreatment with 1.6 µg grape skin extract of ‘Thompson seedless’ cultivar or grape flesh extract of any tested cultivar diminished the DNA strand breaks, and there was an increase in the super coiled form of DNA against 150 Gy of γ-radiation. However, pretreated pBR 322 DNA with the skin of ‘Kishmish chorni’ cultivars or seed of ‘red globe’ grape cultivars remained static during electrophoresis and confined in the groove on exposure to 150 Gy γ-radiation treatment. Co-treatment with the skin of red globe cultivar also partially confined plasmid DNA in the groove. The same trend was observed when plasmid DNA was exposed to 1.2 kGy γ-radiation. Our investigation revealed that anthocyanin present in grape skin was probably involved in radio protective activities through the formation of co-pigmentation with DNA
Valley polarization and photocurrent generation in transition metal dichalcogenide alloy MoSSe
Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) constitute the core group
of materials in the emerging semiconductor technology of valleytronics. While
the coupled spin-valley physics of pristine TMDC materials and their
heterstructures has been extensively investigated, less attention was given to
TMDC alloys, which could be useful in optoelectronic applications due to the
tunability of their band gaps. We report here our experimental investigations
of the spin-valley physics of the monolayer and bilayer TMDC alloy,
MoSSe, in terms of valley polarization and the generation as
well as electrical control of a photocurrent utilising the circular
photogalvanic effect. Piezoelectric force microscopy provides evidence for an
internal electric field perpendicular to the alloy layer, thus breaking the
out-of-plane mirror symmetry. The experimental observation is supported by
first principles calculations based on the density functional theory. A
comparison of the photocurrent device, based on the alloy material, is made
with similar devices involving other TMDC materials
Grape extract protects against ionizing radiation-induced membrane alterations in Red Blood Cells
735-744Ionizing radiation causes damage to biomolecules in living cells through oxidative stress by excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from radiolysis of body water. Blood and its components including the cells are exposed to a significant dose of radiation during irradiation. Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) contain several bioactive phytochemicals and are rich source of antioxidants. Therefore, we hypothesized that the grape extracts would offer protection against the ionizing radiation-induced damage of the red blood cells (RBCs). To test our hypothesis, in the current study we investigated the radio-protective actions of extract of four different grape (Vitis vinifera) cultivars, namely Flame seedless (Black grapes), Kishmish chorni (Black with reddish brown), Red globe (Red) and Thompson seedless mutant (Sonaka, Green) against the g-irradiation-induced oxidative stress leading to the structural alteration in the RBC membrane in vitro. Freshly drawn blood samples from healthy volunteers itself or mixed with grape extracts from seed, skin or pulp of each cultivar were irradiated at 4 Gy after one hour of treatment. -irradiation for one hour did not change the hematological parameters. The average osmotic fragility (H50) and the maximum rate of hemolysis (dH/dC)max increased after the -irradiation. The confocal microscopic and atomic force microscopic (AFM) studies showed that irradiation induced transformation of RBC from biconcave cells to echinocytes, altered their surface roughness and the vertical distance. The grape extracts did not alter the viability of human erythrocytes. Our results suggested that the grape extract pretreatment ameliorated the ionizing radiation-induced alterations at a dose of 4 Gy in human erythrocytes in vitro. Moreover, protection offered by the seed extract was significantly better than that that of skin or pulp of the same cultivar. Furthermore, the protective action of grape extract depends on its source (seed, skin or pulp) as well on cultivars
Antioxidant potential of different grape cultivars against Fenton-like reagent-induced liver damage <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">ex-vivo</i>
372-377The phytochemicals present in the grapes are
responsible for nutraceutical and health benfits due to their antioxidant
properties. These
phytochemicals, however, vary greatly among different cultivars. In this study,
we evaluated the antioxidant potential and protective
role of four different Indian grape (Vitis vinifera) cultivars extracts,
namely Flame seedless (Black grapes), <span style="mso-ansi-language:
DE" lang="DE">Kishmish chorni (Black with reddish brown), Red
globe (Red) and Thompson seedless mutant (Sonaka, Green) against the
Fenton-like reagent (200 <span style="font-family:Symbol;
mso-ascii-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:symbol"="" lang="EN-GB">mmole H2O2,
2 mmole ascorbate, 25 <span style="font-family:Symbol;
mso-ascii-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:symbol"="" lang="EN-GB">mmole FeSO4)-induced
liver damage. Non-enzymatic antioxidants, such as glutathione (GSH) levels and
activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione S-transferase (GST) and
superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were
highest in the grape seed, followed by skin and pulp. Among edible parts of
different cultivars, skin of Flame seedless (Black) cultivar showed highest
antioxidant potential, while the Thompson seedless the least potential. These
antioxidants were found to be significantly (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal">P<0.01) correlated with the levels of total phenol, flavonoids
and ascorbic acid. Fenton-like reagent treatment significantly (P<0.001) decreased GSH content by
39.1% and activities of catalase (CAT) by 43.2% and glutathione reductase (GR)
by 60%, while increasing thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and
nitric oxide levels by 2.13-fold and 0.64-fold, respectively and GST activity
by 0.81-fold. Pre-treatment with grape seed extracts showed the best
hepatoprotective action against Fenton-like reagent-induced damage, followed by
the extracts of skin and pulp of any cultivar. Thus, our study showed the
significant amounts of antioxidants were in grape seed, followed by its skin
and pulp, which varied among the cultivars and was associated with the
protective action of grape extracts against Fenton-like reagent-induced liver
damage ex-vivo.
</span
<span style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN; mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-GB">Scavenging and antioxidant properties of different grape cultivars against ionizing radiation-induced liver damage <i>ex vivo</i></span>
280-285<span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:
" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:="" "times="" roman";letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-ansi-language:en-gb;mso-fareast-language:="" en-us;mso-bidi-language:hi"="" lang="EN-GB">Ionizing radiation (IR) has become an integral part
of the modern medicine— both for diagnosis as well as therapy. However, normal
tissues or even distant cells also suffer IR-induced free radical insult. It
may be more damaging in longer term than direct radiation exposure. Antioxidants
provide protection against IR-<span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt;mso-ansi-language:="" en-gb;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:hi"="" lang="EN-GB">induced damage. Grapes
are the richest source of antioxidants. Here, we
assessed the scavenging properties of four grape (Vitis vinifera)
cultivars, namely Flame seedless (Black), Kishmish chorni (Black with reddish
brown), Red globe (Red) and Thompson seedless mutant (Green), and also
evaluated their protective action against
-radiation-induced
oxidative stress in liver tissue ex vivo. The scavenging abilities of
grape seeds [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (IC50=0.008±0.001
mg/mL), hydrogen peroxide (IC50=0.49 to 0.8 mg/mL), hydroxyl
radicals (IC50=0.08±0.008 mg/mL), and nitric oxide (IC50=0.8±0.08
mg/mL)] were higher than that of skin or pulp. Gamma (<span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:
" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:="" "times="" roman";letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-ansi-language:en-gb;mso-fareast-language:="" en-us;mso-bidi-language:hi"="" lang="EN-GB">) radiation exposure to sliced liver tissues ex vivo from goat, @ 6 Gy significantly
(P <0.001) decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) content by 21.2% and
also activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione
reductase (GR) and glutathione s-transferase (GST) by 49.5, 66.0, 70.3, 73.6%,
respectively. However, it increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
(TBARS) by 2.04-fold and nitric oxide level by 48.6% compared
to untreated group. Further increase in doses (10 or 16 Gy) of -radiation
correspondingly decreased GSH content and enzyme activities, and increased
TBARS and nitric oxide levels. Grape extract treatment prior to ionizing
radiation exposure ameliorated theses effects at varying extent. The seed
extracts exhibited strong antioxidant potential compared to skin or pulp
extracts of different grape cultivars against oxidative damage by ionizing
radiation (6 Gy, 10 Gy and 16 Gy) in sliced liver tissues
ex vivo<span style="font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt;mso-ansi-language:="" en-gb;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:hi"="" lang="EN-GB">. Grape extracts at
higher concentration (10 mg extract/g liver tissue)
showed stronger antioxidant potential against lower dose
(6 Gy) of ionizing radiation. Our results suggest that grape
extracts could serve as a potential source of natural antioxidant against lower
doses of IR-induced oxidative stress in liver extracts ex vivo.</span
Grapevine fruit extract protects against radiation-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in human lymphocyte
753-761Ionizing radiation (IR) causes oxidative
stress through overwhelming generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the
living cells leading the oxidative damage further to biomolecules. Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) posses several
bioactive phytochemicals and is the richest source of antioxidants. In this
study, we investigated V. vinifera
for its phytochemical content, enzymes profile and, ROS- and oxidant-scavenging
activities. We have also studied the fruit extract of four different grapevine viz., Thompson seedless, Flame seedless,
Kishmish chorni and Red globe for their radioprotective actions in human
lymphocytes. The activities of ascorbic acid oxidase and catalase significantly
(P <0.01) differed among extracts
within the same cultivar, while that of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase did
not differ significantly. The superoxide radical-scavenging activity was higher
in the seed as compared to the skin or pulp of the same cultivar. Pretreatment
with grape extracts attenuated the oxidative stress induced by 4 Gy γ-radiation in human lymphocytes in
vitro. Further, <span style="font-family:Symbol;
mso-ascii-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:symbol"="" lang="EN-GB">γ-radiation-induced
increase in caspase 3/7 activity was significantly attenuated by grape
extracts. These results suggest that grape extract serve as a potential source
of natural antioxidants against the IR-induced oxidative stress and also
inhibit apoptosis. Furthermore, the protective action of grape depends on the
source of extract (seed, skin or pulp) and type of the cultivars.
</span
CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 AND MUCORMYCOSIS A GLOBAL THREAT: A SYSTEMIC REVIEW
Objectives: According to the recent studies, it is seen that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is associated with many bacterial and fungal infections. In case of COVID-19 patients, diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) are the prime risk factors and during the course of treatment, patients develop secondary fungal infections like mucormycosis. We conducted a systemic review of the present scenario and tried to evaluate the association of mucormycosis with COVID-19.
Methods: We searched articles related to the COVID-19 associated mucormycosis, in PubMed, IndMed, and Cochrane Library. We conducted a meta-analysis on the basis of systemically reviewed all articles which reported COVID-19 associated with mucormycosis. We analyzed comorbidity, treatment, and outcome of patients in association with COVID-19 and mucormycosis.
Results: We found a total of 196 articles based on mucormycosis, out of which only 25 were selected on the basis of our inclusion and exclusion criteria. 71 cases were found and most of the cases were from India and USA. We also found that it was more prevalent among male patients and patients with DM, and in association with HTN.
Conclusion: It is seen from the studies that patients already suffering from DM and HTN when infected with coronavirus are most likely to develop mucormycosis. Treatment of latent DM, prediabetic patients, conversely, that efforts to diagnose, detect, and treat DM may have a beneficial influence in the treatment of secondary fungal infections like mucormycosis. Finding out all the cases of DM and treatment of DM can carry out an advantageous effect in all patients suffering from COVID-19