A study to assess Vitamin D deficiency and its association with sepsis in tertiary care centre

Introduction : Sepsis is a life threatening organ dysfunction generated due to the dysregulation of the immune response to infection. A high mortality rate in sepsis is the result of multiple organ failure which often follows sepsis. Recent studies have shown the correlation between vitamin D deficiency and severe infections and sepsis Aim and objective : To evaluate the correlation between serum levels of vitamin D and outcome of sepsis patients presenting to ED. Methodology : This cross sectional study was performed in the Saraswathi institute of medical sciences, Hapur from October 2021 to March 2022. For all the eligible patients, blood sample was drawn for measuring serum level of vitamin D and finally the correlation between the level of this vitamin and the studied outcomes was evaluated. Result : The mean vit d level of the study subjects who get cured were 23.09±11.20, whereas those patients who died had vit d level 16.12±10.60, on comparing there is significant association of vit d level with outcome of study subjects, with p value 0.02. On assessing  vit D level with TLC of study subjects, on applying regression analysis we found no correlation between vitd level and TLC value of the study subjects with R square 0.   Conclusion : On the basis of our study we can conclude that There is significant association of serum vit d level with outcome of sepsis in the study subjects. On comparing there is significant association of vit d level with outcome of study subjects, with p value 0.02, CRP increases generally in infections, it was associated with vit D level, however association was statistically non-significant

Software and Performance Testing Tools

Software Testing may be a method, that involves, death penalty of a software system program/application and finding all errors or bugs therein program/application in order that the result is going to be a defect-free software system. Quality of any software sys-tem will solely be acknowledged through means that of testing (software testing). Through the advancement of technology round the world, there inflated the quantity of verification techniques and strategies to check the software system before it goes to production and astray to promote. Automation Testing has created its impact within the testing method. Now-a-days, most of the software system testing is finished with the automation tools that not solely lessens the quantity of individuals operating around that software system however additionally the errors which will be loose through the eyes of the tester. Automation take look acting contains test cases that make the work simple to capture totally different eventualities and store them. Therefore, software sys-tem automation testing method plays a significant role within the software system test-ing success. This study aims in knowing differing kinds of software system testing, soft-ware system testing techniques and tools and to match manual testing versus automa-tion testing

Medicinal and Aromatic Plants for Enhancing Farm Income: The Case of Bihar

Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) provide opportunities for developing a variety of safe and cost effective, prophylactic, and curative medicines for a number of maladies. It is estimated that the primary health care of over 80 per cent of the world’s population still depends on plant based traditional medicines (WHO, 2002). Growing consciousness about health and side effects of modern medicines has again set the stage for innovation and use of herbal medicines. Evidence shows that the total domestic potential for crude drugs and oil extracts in India is worth Rs 3 billion, of which the requirements of over-the-counter products. Realizing the vast untapped potentials of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) and impediments in their development. Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA), Patna has followed a systematic approach while taking MAPs for pilot testing. It made assessment about the local conditions and requirements, and demand for MAPs; strengthened capacity by traing various stakeholders; played role in supporting individuals and institutions; developed relevant literature in local language; emphasized on group approach by organizing the growers; encouraged cultivation through the organized sector with linking the unorganized farmers; and evolved a pricing mechanism with buy back arrangement with partner industry under public-private partnership(PPP). The present study tries to outline some of the steps taken to promote MAPs in Bihar for better income to the farmers

Medicinal and Aromatic Plants for Enhancing Farm Income: The Case of Bihar

Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) provide opportunities for developing a variety of safe and cost effective, prophylactic, and curative medicines for a number of maladies. It is estimated that the primary health care of over 80 per cent of the world’s population still depends on plant based traditional medicines (WHO, 2002). Growing consciousness about health and side effects of modern medicines has again set the stage for innovation and use of herbal medicines. Evidence shows that the total domestic potential for crude drugs and oil extracts in India is worth Rs 3 billion, of which the requirements of over-the-counter products. Realizing the vast untapped potentials of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) and impediments in their development. Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA), Patna has followed a systematic approach while taking MAPs for pilot testing. It made assessment about the local conditions and requirements, and demand for MAPs; strengthened capacity by traing various stakeholders; played role in supporting individuals and institutions; developed relevant literature in local language; emphasized on group approach by organizing the growers; encouraged cultivation through the organized sector with linking the unorganized farmers; and evolved a pricing mechanism with buy back arrangement with partner industry under public-private partnership(PPP). The present study tries to outline some of the steps taken to promote MAPs in Bihar for better income to the farmers

A study on evaluation of ASHAs for their knowledge, attitude and practice towards newborn care in Howrah district of West Bengal

Background: : Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) is a trained female community health activist. ASHAs are local women trained to act as facilitator and promoters of health care in their communities. ASHA is trained to work as an interface between the community and the public health system. ASHA play an important role in newborn care to reduce their morbidity and mortality.Methods: Data were collected from ASHAs working in Shibbur area of Howrah District, west Bengal. The study sample consisted of 70 ASHAs working in the Shibpur area that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A predesigned pretested questionnaire of ASHA was used to collect data in the study.Results: The mean age of ASHAs was 35.74 years. Only 32 (45.71%) had received middle level (class VIII) education. Only 45.71 % of ASHAs had good knowledge and practice regarding hypothermia and its complication and the procedure of providing warmth the baby after delivery. Only 57.1% of ASHA had good knowledge regarding counseling and problem solving on breast feeding. Only 38.57% had good knowledge and practices on identification and basic skill on management of Low Birth Weight (LBW) having birth weight of <2.5kg and pre-term baby (<37 weeks of gestation).Conclusions: In the present study, we found that Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of ASHAs were inadequate in some aspects of newborn care. This gap of knowledge should be taken seriously during training procedures so that effective knowledge and essential skill for newborn care can be imparted. During recruitment of ASHAs higher literally status should be given preferences

Adverse drug reactions due to gabapentin-nortriptyline in patients with neuropathic pain in a tertiary care teaching hospital

Gabapentin and Nortriptyline are used to treat neuropathic pain. Gabapentin belongs to a group of drugs called anti-convulsant and Nortriptyline belongs to tricyclic antidepressant. Gabapentin acts by binding to the specific site on voltage- gated calcium channels. This helps in relieving nerve pain and lowers the risk of seizure. Nortriptyline works by preventing the released chemical messengers in brain (serotonin and norepinephrine) from being reabsorbed back into the nerve cells. As a result, it prolongs the effect of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain and over time, this helps to relieve depression and lighten the mood. We are reporting a case series including 3 patients having neuropathic pain and taking tablet gabapentin-nortriptyline in department of neurology, Patna medical college and hospital, Patna developed some adverse drug reactions. Causality assessment was done in each case by Naranjo scale. Each case was filled properly in ADR (adverse drug reaction) reporting form and was sent to nearby adverse drug reaction monitoring centre (AMC). During the posting for pharmacovigilance in neurology department of Patna medical college and hospital, Patna from 01/07/2022 to 30/09/2022 we got three adverse drug reactions due to gabapentin-nortriptyline. Two of them were due to Gabapentin and one was due to nortriptyline. Gabapentin-nortriptyline is one of the most commonly used drugs in neurology department. It causes some frequent as well as some rare adverse drug reactions which are required to be assessed and finally reported to the nearby AMC

Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA): A Study of its Impact in Pilot Districts in Bihar, India

During the mid-1990s, the Government of India and the World Bank began exploring new approaches to extension that would address these system problems and constraints. The result was a new, decentralized extension approach, which would focus more directly on agricultural diversification and increasing farm income and rural employment. The central institutional innovation that emerged to address these system problems was the Agricultural Technology Management Agency or “ATMA” model that was introduced at the district level. This model was pilot-tested through the Innovations for Technology Dissemination (ITD) component of a World Bank-funded, National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP) that became effective in 1998 and concluded in June 2005. As a follow up on the success of ATMA model under ITD component of NATP the Govt. of India has initiated a new Centrally Sponsored Scheme on Support to State Extension Programmes for Extension Reforms, and had funded the setting up of Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) in all 588 rural districts in India. The ATMAs are expected to support the state extension system by making it more broad-based and participatory for planning, implementing and monitoring the extension activities of a district. The purpose of this component was to test new approaches to technology transfer, new organizational arrangements, and operational procedures. For evaluation of field level impact of ATMA model, beneficiaries (target farmers) were compared with themselves across the pre-intervention and post-intervention scenarios. To facilitate such temporal comparison of agro-economic situations facing the target farmers, baseline and impact assessment surveys were conducted to reflect upon pre-intervention and post-intervention scenarios respectively. Further, in order to provide reflections upon ‘with project’ and ‘without project’ situations inclusion of out-of-project area farmers in the sample was necessary, and accordingly sample farmers from control districts were also covered under the study

Agricultural Technology Development Agency (ATMA): A Study of its Impact in Pilot Districts in Bihar, India

During the mid-1990s, the Government of India and the World Bank began exploring new approaches to extension that would address these system problems and constraints. The result was a new, decentralized extension approach, which would focus more directly on agricultural diversification and increasing farm income and rural employment. The central institutional innovation that emerged to address these system problems was the Agricultural Technology Management Agency or “ATMA” model that was introduced at the district level. This model was pilot-tested through the Innovations for Technology Dissemination (ITD) component of a World Bank-funded, National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP) that became effective in 1998 and concluded in June 2005. As a follow up on the success of ATMA model under ITD component of NATP the Govt. of India has initiated a new Centrally Sponsored Scheme on Support to State Extension Programmes for Extension Reforms, and had funded the setting up of Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) in all 588 rural districts in India. The ATMAs are expected to support the state extension system by making it more broad-based and participatory for planning, implementing and monitoring the extension activities of a district. The purpose of this component was to test new approaches to technology transfer, new organizational arrangements, and operational procedures. For evaluation of field level impact of ATMA model, beneficiaries (target farmers) were compared with themselves across the pre-intervention and post-intervention scenarios. To facilitate such temporal comparison of agro-economic situations facing the target farmers, baseline and impact assessment surveys were conducted to reflect upon pre-intervention and post-intervention scenarios respectively. Further, in order to provide reflections upon ‘with project’ and ‘without project’ situations inclusion of out-of-project area farmers in the sample was necessary, and accordingly sample farmers from control districts were also covered under the study

Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA): A Study of its Impact in Pilot Districts in Bihar, India

During the mid-1990s, the Government of India and the World Bank began exploring new approaches to extension that would address these system problems and constraints. The result was a new, decentralized extension approach, which would focus more directly on agricultural diversification and increasing farm income and rural employment. The central institutional innovation that emerged to address these system problems was the Agricultural Technology Management Agency or “ATMA” model that was introduced at the district level. This model was pilot-tested through the Innovations for Technology Dissemination (ITD) component of a World Bank-funded, National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP) that became effective in 1998 and concluded in June 2005. As a follow up on the success of ATMA model under ITD component of NATP the Govt. of India has initiated a new Centrally Sponsored Scheme on Support to State Extension Programmes for Extension Reforms, and had funded the setting up of Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) in all 588 rural districts in India. The ATMAs are expected to support the state extension system by making it more broad-based and participatory for planning, implementing and monitoring the extension activities of a district. The purpose of this component was to test new approaches to technology transfer, new organizational arrangements, and operational procedures. For evaluation of field level impact of ATMA model, beneficiaries (target farmers) were compared with themselves across the pre-intervention and post-intervention scenarios. To facilitate such temporal comparison of agro-economic situations facing the target farmers, baseline and impact assessment surveys were conducted to reflect upon pre-intervention and post-intervention scenarios respectively. Further, in order to provide reflections upon ‘with project’ and ‘without project’ situations inclusion of out-of-project area farmers in the sample was necessary, and accordingly sample farmers from control districts were also covered under the study

Agricultural Technology Development Agency (ATMA): A Study of its Impact in Pilot Districts in Bihar, India

During the mid-1990s, the Government of India and the World Bank began exploring new approaches to extension that would address these system problems and constraints. The result was a new, decentralized extension approach, which would focus more directly on agricultural diversification and increasing farm income and rural employment. The central institutional innovation that emerged to address these system problems was the Agricultural Technology Management Agency or “ATMA” model that was introduced at the district level. This model was pilot-tested through the Innovations for Technology Dissemination (ITD) component of a World Bank-funded, National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP) that became effective in 1998 and concluded in June 2005. As a follow up on the success of ATMA model under ITD component of NATP the Govt. of India has initiated a new Centrally Sponsored Scheme on Support to State Extension Programmes for Extension Reforms, and had funded the setting up of Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) in all 588 rural districts in India. The ATMAs are expected to support the state extension system by making it more broad-based and participatory for planning, implementing and monitoring the extension activities of a district. The purpose of this component was to test new approaches to technology transfer, new organizational arrangements, and operational procedures. For evaluation of field level impact of ATMA model, beneficiaries (target farmers) were compared with themselves across the pre-intervention and post-intervention scenarios. To facilitate such temporal comparison of agro-economic situations facing the target farmers, baseline and impact assessment surveys were conducted to reflect upon pre-intervention and post-intervention scenarios respectively. Further, in order to provide reflections upon ‘with project’ and ‘without project’ situations inclusion of out-of-project area farmers in the sample was necessary, and accordingly sample farmers from control districts were also covered under the study