Qualitative analysis of essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis L. cultivated in Uttaranchal Hills, India

Gas chromatography and gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy analysis of essentialoil hydrodistilled from fresh aerial part of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) cultivated inUttaranchal, India, resolved into 33 compounds representing 96.29% of the essential oilaccording to their chromatographic retention indices and mass spectra.  The major compoundsof the oil were, camphor (26.40%), 1, 8-cineole (23.40%), α-pinene (9.94%), camphene (5.83%),myrcene (4.86%), bornyl acetate (3.97%), verbenone (3.32%), limonene (3.08%), borneol(2.05%) and α-terpineol (2.68%). &nbsp

Intra-operative measurement of tumour size in breast cancer and its comparison with other methods: a prospective study

Accurate measurement of breast tumour size determines staging and prognosis. Discrepancies amongst clinical examination (CE), ultrasonography (USG), mammography, pathological examination (PE) and magnetic resonance imaging have been reported. However, few studies have evaluated changes in breast tumour size from the operating table to the laboratory

2-[2-(3-Chloro­phen­yl)-2-oxoeth­yl]-1,2-benzisothia­zol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide

In the title compound, C15H10ClNO4S, the benzothia­zole ring system is essentially planar [maximum deviation = 0.0382 (13) Å for the N atom] and forms a dihedral angle of 74.43 (6)° with the chloro-substituted benzene ring. In the crystal structure, weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds form R 2 2(10) and R 2 2(16) ring motif

2-(2-Oxo-2-phenyl­ethyl)-1,2-benziso­thia­zol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide

In the title compound, C15H11NO4S, the benzothia­zole unit is essentially planar [maximum deviation = 0.0644 (14) Å for the N atom] and forms a dihedral angle 54.43 (6)° with the phenyl ring. In the crystal structure, weak bifurcated C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the carbonyl O atoms as acceptors result in R 2 2(7) ring motifs

Reduced tillage and subsurface fertigation improve productivity and economic benefits in the cotton-wheat cropping system

Soil compaction under repetitive tillage and surface flood method of irrigation (SFMI) are significant hurdles for sustaining crop production in India, necessitating the adoption of efficient soil and water management strategies. Hence, a 3-year field study was conducted at two diverse agro-climatic locations (Abohar and Faridkot) to investigate the impact of subsurface drip (SUSD) fertigation on crop and water productivity of cotton-wheat cropping system (CWCS), over traditional practice (TP) (conventional tillage with SFMI and manual application of nutrients). The experiment was conducted in a factorial randomized complete block design with three levels of subsurface drip irrigation (SUSDI) [100, 80, and 60% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc)] and two fertigation levels [75% recommended dose of nutrients (RDN) and 100% RDN], where TP and surface drip (SD) fertigation at 80% ETc coupled with 100% RDN (Control 2), served as two control treatments. Cotton was raised through reduced tillage, while zero till drill was used for sowing wheat. The results revealed that, barring SUSDI at 60% ETc, both crops exhibited improved yield under all drip combinations of reduced or zero tillage over TP. Better mass and higher length of cotton roots in drip fertigation were evident due to improved steady-state infiltration rates (SSIR) and reduced bulk density (BD) under conservation tillage. When 100% RDN was applied, the 100% and 80% ETc SUSDI resulted in 26.7% and 24.7% higher seed cotton yield (SCY) than TP. Similarly, wheat yield with 100% RDN was improved by 10.5% and 14.4% under SUSDI of 80% and 100% ETc, respectively, over the TP. The results indicated that SUSD can be clubbed with reduced tillage for better soil health, improved crop yield, and higher apparent water productivity. The improved benefit to cost (B:C) owing to enhanced monetary returns over TP also substantiated that reduced tillage with SUSD is a viable and remunerative practice for CWCS. The study elucidated that reduced tillage exercised a beneficial effect on physical soil properties by lowering BD and improving SSIR. At the same time, SUSD could save huge amounts of irrigation water besides enhanced input use efficiency leading to higher crop productivity

Comparative study of antimicrobial prescribing pattern between Nepal and Pakistan

Objective The purpose of this cross-sectional study conducted in different private and public sector hospitals of the major cities of Nepal and Pakistan was to compare and evaluate the antibiotic prescribing patterns. Methodology  The data was collected based on prescriptions received from different hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan and Kathmandu, Nepal without much interaction with the patients. Results Out of a total of 272 patients, 111 (40.8%) patients from Nepal and 161 (59.19%) patients from Pakistan were prescribed with 447 antibiotics. In both countries, out of total antibiotics prescribed, 42.30% were 3rd generation cephalosporins. Also, in Pakistan and Nepal, out of all the indications, 49.2% of the antibiotics were given in medical prophylaxis. Conclusion  In Pakistan, the antimicrobial prescription rate is comparatively higher than Nepal, and in both countries, there is a need of proper implementation of antibiotic prescribing guidelines for the prescription of antibiotics and the administration of antibiotics in medical prophylaxis

Multiomics integrative analysis reveals antagonistic roles of CBX2 and CBX7 in metabolic reprogramming of breast cancer

Striking similarity exists between metabolic changes associated with embryogenesis and tumorigenesis. Chromobox proteins-CBX2/4/6/7/8, core components of canonical polycomb repressor complex 1, play essential roles in embryonic development and aberrantly expressed in breast cancer. Understanding how altered CBX expression relates to metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer may reveal vulnerabilities of therapeutic pertinence. Using transcriptomic and metabolomic data from breast cancer patients (N > 3000 combined), we performed pathway-based analysis and identified outstanding roles of CBX2 and CBX7 in positive and negative regulation of glucose metabolism, respectively. Genetic ablation experiments validated the contrasting roles of two isoforms in cancer metabolism and cell growth. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the role of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling in mediating contrary effects of CBX2 and CBX7 on breast cancer metabolism. Underpinning the biological significance of metabolic roles, CBX2 and CBX7 were found to be the most up- and downregulated isoforms, respectively, in breast tumors compared with normal tissues. Moreover, CBX2 and CBX7 expression (not other isoforms) correlated strongly, but oppositely, with breast tumor subtype aggressiveness and the proliferation markers. Consistently, genomic data also showed higher amplification frequency of CBX2, not CBX7, in breast tumors. Highlighting the clinical significance of findings, disease-specific survival and drug sensitivity analysis revealed that CBX2 and CBX7 predicted patient outcome and sensitivity to FDA-approved/investigational drugs. In summary, this work identifies novel cross talk between CBX2/7 and breast tumor metabolism, and the results presented may have implications in strategies targeting breast cancer

Bis(dicyclo­hexyl­ammonium) μ-oxalato-κ4 O 1,O 2:O 1′,O 2′-bis­[aqua­(oxalato-κ2 O 1,O 2)diphenyl­stannate(IV)]

The structure of the title compound, (C12H24N)2[Sn2(C6H5)4(C2O4)3(H2O)2], consists of a bischelating oxalate ion, located on an inversion center, which is linked to two SnPh2 groups. The coordination sphere of the Sn(IV) ion is completed by a monochelating oxalate anion and a water mol­ecule. The Sn(IV) atoms are thus seven-coordinated. The discrete binuclear units are further connected by hydrogen bonds, leading to a supra­molecular crystal structure. The asymmetric unit contains one half dianion and one (Cy2NH2)+ cation

Mechanism of Splicing Regulation of Spinal Muscular Atrophy Genes

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is one of the major genetic disorders associated with infant mortality. More than 90% cases of SMA result from deletions or mutations of Survival Motor Neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. SMN2, a nearly identical copy of SMN1, does not compensate for the loss of SMN1due to predominant skipping of exon 7. However, correction of SMN2 exon 7 splicing has proven to confer therapeutic benefits in SMA patients. The only approved drug for SMA is an antisense oligonucleotide (Spinraza™/Nusinersen), which corrects SMN2 exon 7 splicing by blocking intronic splicing silencer N1 (ISS-N1) located immediately downstream of exon 7. ISS-N1 is a complex regulatory element encompassing overlapping negative motifs and sequestering a cryptic splice site. More than 40 protein factors have been implicated in the regulation of SMN exon 7 splicing. There is evidence to support that multiple exons of SMN are alternatively spliced during oxidative stress, which is associated with a growing number of pathological conditions. Here, we provide the most up to date account of the mechanism of splicing regulation of the SMN genes