Esterified porous starch from guinea grass seed for enhanced facile microencapsulation of bioactive materials

The present study focuses on the utilization of non-conventional starch (NS) derived from guinea grass seed to produce porous starch (PS) and octenyl succinic anhydride-modified PS (OSAPS). The study also introduces a novel approach to produce PS, aiming to overcome the high cost associated with glucoamylase. The formation of porous granules was successfully achieved through the combination of alpha-amylase and ultrasonication, as confirmed by electron micrographs and analysis of pore size and specific surface area. The results demonstrate that OSAPS exhibits superior emulsion stability, well-defined pore structures, and desirable amphiphilic characteristics. All three starches were loaded with lycopene, flaxseed oil, and a combination of both to prepare microcapsules. The presence of flaxseed oil within the starch matrix was confirmed through micrographs and functional group analysis. Notably, OSAPS exhibited the highest encapsulation efficiency at 74.80 %, along with a lycopene retention rate of up to 27.32 mg/100 g. Moreover, OSAPS showcased favorable antioxidant activity (89.29 %), phenolic content (0.45 mg GAE/g), and flavonoid content (97.61 mg QE/100 g). These findings underscore the remarkable potential of OSAPS as a delivery system for bioactive compounds, particularly for the co-encapsulation of oils and pigments

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A PASSENGER CAR FUELLEDWITH BLENDSOF JATROPAMETHYL ESTER/ETHYL ESTERWITH DIESEL

Recent concerns over the environment, increasing fuel prices and scarcity of its supply have promoted the interest in the development of the alternative sources for petroleum fuels. Many researchers have reported the use of vegetable oil ester as a fuel in diesel engine, thereby achieving reduction in harmful exhaust emissions as well as a comparable engine performance as that with diesel. However, study on chassis dynamometer and in the field related to fuel economy, acceleration was undertaken in order to understand the impact of blending vegetable oil esters with the diesel in vehicles. This paper presents the result of the investigation carried out on a diesel passenger car on chassis dynamometer using diesel, 10%, 20% and 30% blend of bio-diesel (JME) and (JEE) fuels. The vehicle performance study have been carried out with the aim of obtaining comparative measures of the constant speed fuel consumption, driving cycle fuel economy, WOT Power, fuel consumption. The emission of the CO2 was also computed using the fuel economy data on the above-mentioned fuels. The vehicle acceleration tests were also carried out on actual road condition using global positioning systems (GPS) and the results for maximum speed, time elapsed for a distance of the 1km and also the acceleration time for reaching speeds of 0-60 km/hr and 0-90 km/hr are reported in the paper