REGULATION OF MACROAUTOPHAGY BY VITAMIN A/ RETINOIDS

Retinoic acids (RAs) have diverse biologic effects and regulate several cellular functions. Here, we investigated the role of RA on autophagy by studying its effects on autophagosome (AUT) maturation, as well as on upstream regulators of autophagosome biogenesis. Our studies, based on the use of pH-sensitive fluorescent reporter markers, suggest that RA promotes AUT acidification and maturation. By using competitive inhibitors and specific agonists, we demonstrated that this effect is not mediated by the classic Retinoic Acid Receptor (RAR) and Retinoid X Receptors (RXR). RA did not affect the protein expression levels of upstream regulators of autophagy, such as Beclin-1, phospho-mTOR, and phospho-Akt1, but induced redistribution of both endogenous cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor CI-MPR and transiently transfected GFP and RFP full-length CI-MPR fusion proteins from the trans-Golgi region to acidified AUT structures. Those structures were found to be amphisomes (acidified AUTs) and not autophagolysosomes. The critical role of CI-MPR in AUT maturation was further demonstrated by siRNA-mediated silencing of endogenous CI-MPR. Transient CI-MPR knockdown resulted in remarkable accumulation of nonacidified AUTs, a process that could not be reversed with RA.These results suggest that RA induces AUT acidification and maturation by regulating CI-MPR subcellular location, a process critical in the cellular autophagic mechanism

Multi-response Optimization in Dry Turning Process Using Taguchi's Approach and Utility Concept

AbstractTaguchi's technique is used for optimizing the process parameters of a single response problem. A single setting of process parameters may be optimal for single quality characteristic but the same settings may yield detrimental results for other quality features. Under such circumstances, multi-characteristics response optimization may be the solution to optimize multi-responses simultaneously. In this case study, a multi-characteristics response optimization based on Taguchi's design of approach and utility concept is used to optimize multiple performance characteristics, namely, axial force, radial force, main cutting force and material removal rate (MRR) during dry turning of EN-47 steel. Taguchi's L-18 orthogonal array is selected for the experiment. The optimal values obtained using the multi-characteristics optimization model have been validated by confirmation experiments

Study of primary caesarean section in multigravida patients

Background: Caesarean section is the most commonly performed major surgery among women. The aims and objective of this study was to know the incidence of primary Caesarean section in multigravidas, its indications and to know the maternal and foetal outcome among these patients.Methods: It was a prospective study of primary caesarean section in multigravida admitted at Kamla Raja Hospital, G.R. Medical College and J. A. Group of Hospitals, Gwalior (Madhya Pradesh, India) during the period of 1 year from September 2014 to August 2015. Multigravida with pregnancy of >28 weeks gestation (gravida 2 and above), each of whom has had a previous vaginal delivery of > 20 weeks gestation were included. Women with previous abortions and previous section and Pregnancy with medical disorders were excluded.Results: During the study period of one year, total 8185 deliveries occurred, out of which 3061 (37.39%) underwent caesarean section and 386 (12.61%) were primary caesarean section in multigravida. Out of these multigravida patients who underwent primary caesarean section- most of the patients were unbooked (77.72%). Majority of the cases were direct admission in the hospital (61.13%). Maximum number of the patients were in the age group of 25-30 years (55.95%). Two third of the patients were literate (69.44%) Maximum number of patients were Gravida 2 (49.72%). Almost all of them (95.85%) underwent emergency caesarean section. The most common indication for primary LSCS in multigravida patients was Malpresentation 115 (29.79%) followed by Fetal distress in 71 (18.39%) patients, APH in 71 (18.39%), Obstructed labour in 33 (8.55%), Severe preeclampsia and Antepartum eclampsia in 39 (10.1%), Twin pregnancy in 21 (5.44%). Most common maternal complication was pyrexia 40 (10.36%). Postoperative morbidity was 21.24% among unbooked, 14.25% in Referred, 23.58% in those operated as an emergency, 12.43% in patients belonging to of low socioeconomic status and 3.88%, in patients with moderate to severe anemia. Birth asphyxia was found in 6.21% of neonates. Neonatal mortality was 2.33%. Neonatal mortality is more in Unbooked cases (90.47%).Conclusions: Many unforeseen complications occur in women who previously had a normal vaginal delivery. It is recommended that all antenatal patients must be booked and receive proper and regular antenatal care. Also 100% deliveries in multigravida should be institutional deliveries in order to reduce maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality

Prevalence and factors associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents with Epilepsy

OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence and clinical profile of ADHD in children and adolescents with Epilepsy and the socio-demographic and illnesses (Epilepsy and ADHD) -related factors associated with ADHD in the study population. METHODS: The participants were recruited from Paediatric Neurology Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore. The diagnosis of Epilepsy was made by Paediatric Neurologists based on clinical history and EEG findings according to the International League against Epilepsy criteria. Psychiatric diagnoses of ADHD made by Psychiatrists based on the tenth edition of the International Classification of Diseases research criteria for ADHD. Details of related variables were taken. The prevalence of ADHD among children and adolescents were calculated using descriptive statistics and expressed in percentages. The prevalence in various subgroups was also expressed in percentages. The predictive factors for ADHD among children and adolescents were calculated using univariate and multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS: The study has proved that the prevalence of ADHD in the children and adolescents with Epilepsy is different than the prevalence of ADHD in children and adolescents in general population. The risk factors associated with ADHD in Epileptics is also different from the risk factor associated with ADHD in general population as compared in the literature survey. The prevalence of ADHD in children with Epilepsy is about 12%, and thus much higher than in general population. The prevalence of ADHD was more among girls than among boys, which the reverse of that noted in the general population

TYPES OF DISABILITY AS PER RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES ACT, 2016: A THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE

Education is an essential part of modern, civilized, advanced and developed society and its progress can never be completed and multidimensional, today when we talk about education, the shape of inclusive education comes to the fore. Due to which normal and disabled get education by sitting at the same table in a school together. Without inclusive education, the education of disabled cannot be given in full and real shape. In the 21st century, the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 came into force, which led to the development of a new consciousness among disabled (Divyangjan, 2021). Under which making disabled aware, bringing disabled into the mainstream of society through inclusive education, use of educational technology, barrier free environment, categorizing the existing 7 to 21 types of disability and increasing many services operates.  Article visualizations

Effect of Ultrasonic Irradiation on Preparation and Properties of Ionogels

Silica-gel matrices containing ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate viz. ionogels have been synthesized using one-pot nonhydrolytic sol-gel method and taking tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as starting precursor. Effect of ultrasonic irradiation on pore parameters of ionogels and vibrational properties of the IL upon confinement in the porous matrix has been investigated. The synthesized gels have been characterized by BET, DSC, TGA, and FTIR. BET analysis shows some changes in the pore parameters due to ultrasonic irradiation. DSC results indicate shift in glass transition temperature upon confinement of the IL. The FTIR spectra show changes in vibrational bands on confinement, particularly, the bands related to the imidazolium ring; aliphatic chain and anion PF6 − of the IL are found to shift upon confinement in porous silica matrix obtained due to ultrasonic irradiation. Ultrasonic irradiation has been found to affect the gelation dynamics and kinetics and pore parameters

Morphology, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activity of Vitex negundo: An Overview

Now days a herbal and traditional medicines mostly used in all over the world according to WHO, about 60 to 65% world population practicing herbal and traditional medicines. Vitex negundo Linn. is an aromatic herb belong to family Verbenaceae. It is also known as Nirgundi, Five leaved chaste tree. Plants have many chemical constituents as flavonoids, volatile oil, triterpenes, diterpenes, sesquiterpenes, lignan, flavones, glycosides, iridoid glycosides and stilbene derivative. These chemical constituents are present in each part of the plant. Vitex negundo extract have various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, anti-arthritic, antioxidant, analgesic activity, antibacterial activity, antitumor activity, anti-amnesic activity, anxiolytic activity, Nephroprotective activity, anti-HIV activity, Antitubercular activity, antieosinophilic activity, anti-snake venom activity. This review article provides depth information related to plant morphology, cultivation, chemical constitutes, pharmacological activities and their medicinal uses. Keywords: Vitex negundo, Nirgundi, Casticin, Anti-Gout Activit

Psychological Case Record

1. Personality Assessment: Alcohol Dependence Syndrome – Currently Abstinent, Dissocial Personality Disorder. 2. Intelligence Assessment: Moderate Intellectual Disability along with, Mild Behaviour Problem. 3. Diagnostic Clarification: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Psychosis Nos. 4. Diagnostic Clarification: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Psychosis Nos. 5. Neuropsychological Assessment: Dysthymia, Mild Cognitive Impairment