Genetic Analysis of Some Morphological Traits in Egyptian Clover (\u3cem\u3eTrifolium alexandrinum\u3c/em\u3e L.)

Trifolium alexandrinum, commonly known as Berseem or Egyptian clover (2n=2x=16) is an important winter forage legume in India, Pakistan, Turkey, Egypt and Mediterranean region. It is characterized by three ecotypes viz; Mescavi, Fahli and Saidi. Amongst these, Mescavi type is most popular. In India it is cultivated in about 2 million hectare area. The major impediment in genetic improvement of berseem is the lack of appreciable genetic variability (Verma and Mishra, 1995; Roy et al., 2004; Malaviya et al., 2005). Although limited, variability for desirable traits at intraspecific (T. alexandrinum var Fahli and var Saidi) has been reported, considerable variability exists at interspecific level. Affinity of T. alexandrinum was tested with different wild Trifolium species (Malaviya et al., 2005) and was successfully hybridized with T. apertum for transfer of desirable traits such as late maturity and root rot resistance (Malaviya et al., 2004). In the segregating population of the cross, novel morphological traits such as black seed coat colour were also observed (Malaviya et al., 2012). T. alexandrinum var Fahli is single cut type and has several desirable characteristics like self compatibility (even not requiring tripping), good plant height, better seed yield, apical branching, etc. For incorporation of desirable genes in the improved genepool of beseem, the study of inheritance pattern of traits under consideration is a prerequisite. Therefore, present study was undertaken to study the inheritance pattern of pentafoliate leaf, dark green colour of leaf, black seed coat colour and regeneration capacity

Tropical Forage Legumes in India: Status and Scope for Sustaining Livestock Production

Livestock contributes enormously in food and nutritional security apart from livelihood security to rural population all over the world. India has the largest number of livestock, representing over 17% of world population. Availability of forage legumes is essential for better animal health, production and increasing the nutritive value of forage-based rations, besides providing a source of biological nitrogen fixation for enriching soil, reducing land degradation and mitigating climate change. However, supply of quality green fodder in India is extremely precarious, and the gap is huge against demand. The major fodder legume crops cultivated in India are Medicago sativa, Trifolium alexandrinum, Vigna unguiculata, Vigna umbellate and range legumes are Stylosanthes spp., Desmanthus virgatus, and Clitoria ternatea. Indian subcontinent represents wide spectrum of eco-climates and reported diversity of 21 forage legumes genera viz., Desmodium, Lablab, Stylosanthes, Vigna, Macroptelium, Centrosema and browse plants Leucaena, Sesbania, Albizia, Bauhinia, Cassia, Grewia, etc. Diversity of forage legumes were collected (>3200 accessions), evaluated and sources for different biotic and abiotic stress tolerance were identified, apart from >50 cultivars developed. Considering these aspects, tropical legumes for livestock production, soil health and ecosystem services, diversity, evaluation and breeding for improved varieties are discussed in this chapter

Recent Trends in Breeding of Tropical Grass and Forage Species

Germplasm enrichment in major tropical grasses and their characterization for emerging environmental challenges have been major focussed area in the recent past. Breeding efforts in tropical grasses are still limited to few selected species viz. Panicum spp, Cenchrus spp, Pennisetum spp and Bracharia spp and all other grasses use of land races for varietal development through selection have been major source of improvement. The pace of breeding efforts in the tropical grasses have been slowed because of many inherent characteristics viz. apomixis, poor seed set, high photo and thermo sensitivity often creating problem in designing and implementing an effective breeding programme. Identification of sexual lines using the modern tools of biotechnology have given new ways for the improvement in these group of crops. This paper provides overview of the recent development that has taken place in the germplasm collection, utilization and significant achievement made through genomic and biotechnological research

Journal of Apicultural Research (Bee World)

Not AvailablePollination is the most important ecosystem service performed by insect pollinators benefiting more than three quarters of the major crops in the world. Conservation and management of honey bees are an essential part of the sustainable productivity of cross pollinated crops. The present study was conducted to identify the potential pollinator of berseem in Bundelkhand region, which typically represents the subtropical climatic condition. In total, 14 species of insects belonging to seven families of three insect orders were found visiting berseem flowers. The most frequent floral guests were hymenopterans (81 percent) followed by Lepidoptera (13 percent) and Diptera (6 percent) during the winter season of 2017?2018. Apis dorsata was the most dominant floral visitor, whose peak activity was observed between 10.00 AM and 11.00 AM (7.354/m2/10?min). The activities of pollinators were found maximum during the peak flowering stage of berseem. Seeds obtained from open pollinated plots showed a significant increase in yield (383.24 and 491.41 percent) over caged conditions during 2017 and 2018, respectively

Range Management and Agroforestry

Not AvailableAn experiment was conducted during winter seasons of 2014-15 and 2015-16 with 27 released varieties of oats recommended for cultivation in different agro-ecological zones of India. These varieties were evaluated for 14 morphological and phenological traits related to fodder and seed yields at multi-cut conditions. Oat cultivars exhibited wide array of expression for all studied traits and varied significantly. Association analysis showed that biomass yield and seed yield were independent with each other. Principal components (PC 1 to PC 6) cumulatively accounted for 82.17% of the total variation present among the varieties. The dendrogram constructed using average linkage cluster analysis classified the test varieties into three diverse clusters. The results indicated that highest diversity exists for green forage yield, seed yield, plant height, dry matter yield and 1000 seed weight. Based on the study it was concluded that released varieties of oat in the country have ample variability for most of the traits included in the study

Evaluation of versatility and effectiveness of pedicled buccal fat pad for reconstruction of oral defects

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate its efficacy and versatility of pedicled buccal fat pad for reconstruction of oral defects.Materials and Methods: The present study was undertaken on twenty adults patients reported to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Desh Bhagat Dental College and Hospital, Mandi Gobindgarh. The patients were selected randomly irrespective of age, sex, caste, religion, socioeconomic status and nature of pathology.Results: Pedicled buccal fat pad was used for reconstruction in twenty patients. All the patients had uneventful healing period with minimal complication rate. In 3 patients partial dehiscence was observed on 7th postoperative day and in one patient infection was reported which was managed with the help of suitable antibiotics.Conclusion: It can be safely concluded that the use of buccal fat pad as a pedicled flap is an easy, well tolerated, and uncomplicated for reconstruction of small to medium sized defects

Evaluation of Versatility and Effectiveness of Pedicled Buccal Fat Pad for Reconstruction of Oral Defects

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate its efficacy and versatility of pedicled buccal fat pad for reconstruction of oral defects.Materials and Methods: The present study was undertaken on twenty adults patients reported to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Desh Bhagat Dental College and Hospital, Mandi Gobindgarh. The patients were selected randomly irrespective of age, sex, caste, religion, socioeconomic status and nature of pathology.Results: Pedicled buccal fat pad was used for reconstruction in twenty patients. All the patients had uneventful healing period with minimal complication rate. In 3 patients partial dehiscence was observed on 7th postoperative day and in one patient infection was reported which was managed with the help of suitable antibiotics.Conclusion: It can be safely concluded that the use of buccal fat pad as a pedicled flap is an easy, well tolerated, and uncomplicated for reconstruction of small to medium sized defects