Business Cycle Dynamics of Economic Growth in the OECD Countries: Evidence from Markov-Switching Model

This study estimates the Markov-switching model and examines the Keynesian business cycle dynamics ofeconomic growth for a comprehensive set of eight OECD countries. The estimated duration of regime one is (i)shorter for Denmark, Sweden and Switzerland, (ii) moderate for France and (iii) longer for Belgium, Spain andthe U.S. The persistence of regime two is observed to be (i) shorter for Belgium, Canada, Spain, Sweden andthe U.S., (ii) moderate for Denmark and France, and (iii) longer for Switzerland. The stylized evidence for thepersistence of a given state has important implications for Keynesian policy activism and the formulation ofmacroeconomic stabilization policies. The monetary and fiscal policies are used to reduce the amplitudes andtime-durations of the economic growth cycles and, thus, stabilise the output around its long-run natural ratelevel and the inflation around its target level. The short-run downward rigidities in prices in the goods marketsand in nominal wages in the factor markets tend to impinge upon the clearance of markets and the accelerationof economic growth during recessions, thereby leading to the pathologically longer durations of lower regimes.While the longer durations of upper regimes support the sustainability of the expansionary economic policies,the adequate precautions need to be taken for the inflationary implications of these policies

Ligating Properties of Tertiary Phosphine/Arsine Sulphides or Selenides: Part IV - Complexes of Ditertiary Phosphine Disulphides & Diselenides with Cadmium(II) Halides

831-83

Ligating Properties of Tertiary Phosphine/Arsine Sulphides or Selenides: Part III - Complexes of Ditertiary Phosphine Disulphides & Diselenides with Mercury(II) Halides

829-83

Incorporation of in situ generated 3,3′-(sulfanediyl)bis(1-methyl-1,3-imidazolidine-2-thione) into a one-dimensional CuIcoordination polymer with sulfur-bridged {CuI4S10} n central cores

Funding information JPJ acknowledges the NSF–MRI program (grant No. CHE1039027) for funds to purchase the X-ray diffractometer.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Interactions in the mixed micelles of monomeric and gemini surfactants: Influence of some co-solvents as a function of temperature

AbstractMixed micellar behavior of a series of m-2-m cationic gemini surfactants (where m=10, 12 and 14) with monomeric surfactants (dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, tetradecyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) has been studied in aqueous and in aqueous n-propanol, n-butanol, tertiary butanol, propylene glycol and glycerol solutions using conductivity, surface tension, viscosity and dynamic light scattering techniques at 298.15, 308.15 and 318.15K, respectively. In mixtures of 10–2–10 with monomeric surfactants, the synergistic interactions increase with the chain length of monomeric surfactants whereas the mixtures with 12–2–12 and 14–2–14 exhibit the opposite trends. However, the synergistic interactions decrease with the increase in temperature of all the mixtures. The thermodynamic and surface parameters have been evaluated and the influence of the variations in hydrophobic chain length of the surfactants and the type of the co-solvent on these parameters has been discussed. The hydrodynamic diameter increases with the chain length of the surfactants

Influence of organic solvents, head-groups and temperature on the micellization behavior of some cationic surfactants

The effect of organic solvents, viz., dioxane, dimethylformamide and ethylene glycol on the micellization behavior of cationic surfactants, i.e., tetradecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (TTAB), tetradecyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride (C14BCl) and their dimeric homologue, dimethylene-1,2-bis(tetradecyldimethyl ammonium bromide) (14-2-14) is studied in aqueous solutions using conductometric and viscometric techniques at different temperatures (288.15–318.15 K). It is observed that the critical micelle concentration and degree of counterion dissociation values increase with the increase in volume percentage and the temperature. Studies on the the temperature dependence of the CMC values show that the standard Gibbs free energy of micellization values increase with the concentration of organic solvents and temperature whereas the opposite trend is observed for enthalpy. The randomness of the system decreases in presence of solvents. The relative viscosity of the surfactants was found to be more in presence of ethylene glycol among the studied systems. The effect of temperature on relative viscosity for these systems has also been discussed

A TAXONOMIC STUDY ON THE HEAD APPENDAGES ADULT BRUCHIDAE (COLEOPTERA)

A taxonomic study on the head appendages of 39 species of Bruchidae has been made nae vary in size and shape and are 11-segmented with marked sexual dimorphism. The appearance, the shape of molar and incisor areas along with the presence or absence of cilia on the former are the mandibular characters for separating the sub-families. The has undivided cardo, stipes and galea; the setae on galea show variations at generic branched, simple, barbed and terminally bifid. The sclerotized stipital strips also variations at species level. The shape of the postmental sclerite and epilobes is import family level. However, the number of papillae considered on both the maxillary as well palps show specific variations

Planning Priorities in South Asia's Developmenf (The Distinguishedl Lecture)

On December 8, 1985, the Heads of State or Government of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri lanka set their Hands and Seals to the Charter of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), thus initiating the single most hopeful development since the liberation and partition of the Sub-continent. The objectives SAARC set out to achieve are: (a) To promote the welfare of the peoples of South Asia and to improve their quality of life; (b) To accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region and to provide all individuals the opportunity to live in dignity and to realise their full potentials; (c) To promote and strengthen collective self-reliance among the countries of South Asia; (d) To contribute to mutual trust, understanding and appreciation of one another's problems; (e) To promote active collaboration and mutual assistance in the economic, social, cultural, technical and scientific fields; (t) To strengthen cooperation with other developing countries; (g) To strengthen cooperation among themselves in international forums on matters of common interest; and (h) To cooperate with international and regional organizations with similar aims and purposes

Comparative Morphological Studies on the Mandibular Gland and Mandibular Groove in Hymenoptera Apocrita

No comparative morphological studies appear to have been made so far on the mandibular glands and mandibular grooves, although scattered descriptions are available on the insects studied by Heselhaus (1922); Snodgrass (1956); Wheldon (1957a, 1957b); Nedel (1960); Simpson (1960); Barth (1962); Mathewson (1965); Agren (1977); Brough (1977); Buren et al., (1970); Hermann et al., (1971) and Michener & Fraser (1978). The secretions produced by the gland have also been considered as sex attractants (Kullenberg, 1973); inhibitory pheromone (Butler and Simpson, 1958); and alarm/defence pheromone (Brough, 1978) and more so, Tengo (1979) has proved the secretions as species-specific in Andrena bees (Andrenidae)