LASER AS A VISUALIZATION DEVICE

As known to the prior characteristics of the laser, the new advanced technologies are based on the lasers. It can be used in different ways like scanning, displaying, engraving, cutting, drilling, marking, and many more. In this article, a discussion is made about the use of lasers as a device of visualization in climatic conditions like snow, fog and heavy rain. The existing technology “LiDAR” is one of the systems that will be discussed. LiDAR is a Light Detection and Ranging device used for driving the autonomous vehicles and are also installed on aircrafts in order to scan a vast area like forest, cities, etc. Lidar has been contributing a lot to our intelligence of the Earth’s atmosphere for the past few years [2]. But with so many features, this system has its own limitations, with some conditions such as in bad weather and unable to recognize the white color. In this research two types of red-lasers are being used i.e. Diode and He-Ne Laser, of wavelength 650nm 632.8 nm respectively. Also a green diode laser of wavelength 532nm is used. With the help of these lasers, we will be able to conclude if the laser is able to reflect back from water, snow and fog or it will pass through them without detecting. With this, we can also justify the loss of power that laser generates

METHODS FOR OBTAINING SILVER NANOPARTICLES - A REVIEW.

Silver has been part of active medical use for treatment and disinfection from ages, even in the present times. Particularly relevant today is the question of the effect of silver nanoparticles on bacteria and viruses, including against COVID-19. The study reviews distinct methods for producing silver nanoparticles. The comparison and preferences of different methods based on their classification and features are reviewed. The main goal of this study is to reveal the top-notch method and their benefits and prospects of the possibilities of the method - laser ablation, as a cost-effective and environment friendly technology for generating silver nanoparticles in an aqueous environment. The method of Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid for obtaining nanoparticles is explained in detail. The paper is divided into several main parts, starting with a briefing on silver and its nanoparticles and is followed by various methods for their production.

Silver Nanoparticles - Preparation Methods and Anti-Bacterial/Viral Remedy Impacts against COVID 19

Silver has been an influential segment of pharmaceutical utilization for remedies & hygiene in the latest era. The first topic reviews the study on air sanitization ventilation & air sanitizer systems using laser ablated silver nanoparticles (inspired by 2020 Pandemic) directing to contamination of deadly biological particles. Intention of this investigation is to validate possible antiviral silver nanoparticles construction to be distributed by retention, to abate the aggravation of breathing organs flu. The underlying description of investigation consists of bibliometric reasoning of the review of the outcome of silver nanoparticles on the sterilization of viral ailments. The investigation will deliberate the approach of use of laser ablated silver nanoparticles for anti-actions. The chapter outcomes in the fascinating utilization of silver nanoparticles for pharmaceutical purposes for contagious diseases, viruses or bacteria and devotes to the upgradation of therapeutic education to safeguard health care workers from threatening viruses at therapeutic organizations. Morally, the investigation will obtain a hygienic scheme, which might be installed at every communal or individual places cost-effectively including silver nanoparticles (because of their therapeutic properties). The second section of investigation considers distinct techniques for manufacturing silver nanoparticles. The various schemes have been compared based on their pros & cons. The method of laser ablation for generating nanoparticles underwater is briefed. The intention of this part is to disclose the current & anticipation probabilities of the process - laser ablation, as a profitable and eco-favorable innovation for manufacturing silver nanoparticle in liquid solutions. The chapter is motivated by two of our reviewed papers i.e., “Antibacterial and anti-viral effects of silver nanoparticles in medicine against covid 19” and “Methods for obtaining silver nanoparticles”

Nmnat1 protects neuronal function without altering phospho-tau pathology in a mouse model of tauopathy

OBJECTIVE: The nicotinamide‐nucleotide adenylyltransferase protein Nmnat1 is a potent inhibitor of axonal degeneration in models of acute axonal injury. Hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of the microtubule‐associated protein Tau are associated with neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease and other disorders. Previous studies have demonstrated that other Nmnat isoforms can act both as axonoprotective agents and have protein chaperone function, exerting protective effects in drosophila and mouse models of tauopathy. Nmnat1 targeted to the cytoplasm (cytNmnat1) is neuroprotective in a mouse model of neonatal hypoxia‐ischemia, but the effect of cytNmnat1 on tauopathy remains unknown. METHODS: We examined the impact of overexpression of cytNmnat1 on tau pathology, neurodegeneration, and brain functional connectivity in the P301S mouse model of chronic tauopathy. RESULTS: Overexpression of cytNmnat1 preserved cortical neuron functional connectivity in P301S mice in vivo. However, whereas Nmnat1 overexpression decreased the accumulation of detergent‐insoluble tau aggregates in the cerebral cortex, it exerted no effect on immunohistochemical evidence of pathologic tau phosphorylation and misfolding, hippocampal atrophy, or inflammatory markers in P301S mice. INTERPRETATION: Our results demonstrate that cytNmnat1 partially preserves neuronal function and decreases biochemically insoluble tau in a mouse model of chronic tauopathy without preventing tau phosphorylation, formation of soluble aggregates, or tau‐induced inflammation and atrophy. Nmnat1 might thus represent a therapeutic target for tauopathies