Biofertilizer and chemical fertilizer induced changes in cyto-morphological and biochemical constituents of Foeniculum vulgare Mill.

The agriculture sector requires a revolutionary alternative that makes crop production high and elicits less ill-effects on the environment. At present, agriculture area facade the challenge of low yield of many agronomic crops which lead to economic losses. Experimentally, it is proved that fertilizer use can boost yield two three times more in spite of other factors unchanged. But surplus and unbalanced usage of these soil supplements like fertilizers and irrigation causes serious problems to our soils like water logging and formation of saline soils and ultimately lead to denatured soil. This situation can be alleviated through the use of eco-friendly biofertilizer. So the present appraisal scrutinizes the effect of fertilizer Ammonium Phosphate Sulphate (APS) and biofertilizer (Agrozyme) on the cytology, morphology and pigment constituents of the Foeniculum vulgare Mill. and to trace out a safer crop enhancer among the two. The results revealed that fertilizer expelled to be more chromotoxic and mito-inhibitory at higher concentration in comparison to biofertilizer. Fertilizer negatively affects the plant’s mitotic index while biofertilizer enhances mitotic index parallel to the increasing concentration. Biofertilizer shows positive effect on the germination, survival and plant growth while fertilizer shows this elevation effect at lower concentration. The biochemical constituents (photosynthetic pigments) are greatly affected by higher concentration of both the treatments. The treated system shows various anomalies such as stickiness, precocious movement, loop formation at metaphasic stage and stickiness, laggard and bridge etc at anaphasic stage. Since, biofertilizers area much safer as compared to fertilizers and it also enhances the qualitative and quantitative traits, therefore it could be used in agro-system to obtain sustainable crop upgradation

Forming a mixed Quadrature rule using an anti-Lobatto four point Quadrature rule

A mixed quadrature rule of higher precision for approximate evaluation of real definite integrals has been constructed using an anti-Lobatto rule. The analytical convergence of the rule has been studied. The relative efficiencies of the mixed quadrature rule has been shown with the help of suitable test integrals. The error bound has been determined asymptotically

Hypoplastic Left Lobe of Liver with Accessory Caudate Lobe

During routine dissection, a liver from a cadaver of a female aged 50 years was observed to have hypoplastic left lobe, and on posterior surface an accessory caudate lobe was present to the left of main caudate lobe. It was separated by well-defined fissure from caudate lobe. The fissure for ligamentum venosum was present to the left of accessory caudate lobe. Porta hepatis was present below the new lobe. Prominent papillary process continued with caudate process which in turn is fused with right lobe of the liver. These developmental anomalies of liver may cause confusion during procedures like biopsy, transplantation, and lobectomies. This knowledge may be of immense use to clinicians for the diagnosis and management of hepatic diseases, morphologists and anatomists for new variant, and to embryologists for new developmental defect

Prevalence, morphology, morphometry and associated clinical implications of mastoid emissary veins: narrative review

Abstract The mastoid emissary vein connects the posterior auricular vein to the sigmoid sinus and varies in size, number, location, and course, resulting in clinical complications. This study was conducted in response to the vast clinical implications associated with this vein. The aim of this review is to highlight and describe the prevalence, varied morphology, and morphometry of the mastoid emissary vein, how these varied parameters cause clinical complications, and how these can be rectified and avoided. A literature survey was conducted using various databases and different terms related to mastoid emissary vein were used to search the literature. Pitfalls related to surgery in the vicinity of this vein and their remedies were elucidated. The literature search revealed that the prevalence, morphology, and morphometry of mastoid emissary veins vary immensely and are responsible for morbidity and mortality. Pre-operative identification of mastoid veins is thus essential and so multidetector computed tomography of the temporal bone should be scheduled before planning surgery

Cerebellum: Its Anatomy, Functions and Diseases

Cerebellum is the largest part of the hindbrain and weighs about 150 g. It is enshrined in posterior cranial fossa behind the pons and medulla oblongata and separated from these structures by cavity of fourth ventricle. It is connected to brainstem by three fibre tracts known as cerebellar peduncles. Cerebellum controls the same side of body. It precisely coordinates skilled voluntary movements by controlling strength, duration and force of contraction, so that they are smooth, balanced and accurate. It is also responsible for maintaining equilibrium, muscle tone and posture of the body. This is achieved through the use of somatic sensory information in modulating the motor output from the cerebrum and brainstem. Sherrington regarded cerebellum as the head ganglion of the proprioceptive system. Dysfunction of cerebellum along with degenerative diseases of cerebellum such as spinocerebellar ataxia, multiple sclerosis, malignant tumours, etc. may culminate into disequilibrium, hypotonia, difficulty in talking, sleeping, maintaining muscular coordination and dyssynergia which at times may be life threatening. Hence, knowledge of anatomy of cerebellum is imperative for neuroanatomists and neurosurgeons

Tracking of Fascicles of Cutaneous Nerves of Thigh: A Histological Study

Present study uncovers the secrets of internal morphology of femoral nerve branches namely, cutaneous trunk, subcutaneous trunks, saphenous, medial cutaneous and intermedius cutaneous nerves innervating the skin of anteromedial thigh at fascicular level. Therefore, the aim of the study is to track, correlate, interpret and identify the pathways of fascicles through histological slides. The femoral nerve and its branching points were calibrated in distances from inguinal ligament. These trunks and nerves of a cadaver were processed for histological slides staining with haematoxylin and eosin. The fascicles in the histological slides were identified, tracked, correlated and interpreted from cranial most slide to the last terminal slides of these nerves and trunks. The correlation of the pathways of fascicles revealed that these fascicles are continuous, consistent and traceable interrupted by split, fusion and multiplexing. Femoral nerve branches/fascicles/nerve fibres if damaged, impair the sensation of corresponding area of skin of anteromedial thigh creating helm of neurological complications. Hence the injured fascicles can be repaired with the help of identification and correlation of fascicular pathways carried out in this study with least invasion. The findings of present study will be of paramount importance for intraoperative stimulation to diagnose and identify the fascicle for microneurosurgical repair/graft/regenerate/neurotisation in the cutaneous branches of femoral nerve at fascicular level

Assessing the Impact of Innovative Practices on Customer Experience Satisfaction and Loyalty: A Study on Quick-Service Restaurants in North India

The primary rationale of this paper is to understand the impact of Innovative practices (IP) on Customer Experience (CE) and Customer Satisfaction (CS) in the Quick Service Restaurant. Further, the study also tends to approach innovative practices (IP) on Customer Loyalty (CL).  The primary data was collected from 462 customers of a QSR belonging to an international brand located in Northern India. The scale development procedure involved Exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis has been used to identify and confirm the factor. Further Structural equation modelling has been used to test the hypothesized relationships. The findings of this study proved that innovative practices positively affect customer experience and Customer satisfaction in quick-service restaurants. The findings further indicated a significant relationship between innovation and customer loyalty. Several studies have been conducted on different aspects of service Innovation. The current study is the first attempt to offer innovative practices influence on Quick Service Restaurants. The paper is helpful for both practitioners and academicians as it would help develop effective marketing and operational strategies for Quick Service Restaurants. Moreover, managers are encouraged to carefully consider innovative practices that will increase the customer experience and the satisfaction toward their service offerings

Rapid identification and susceptibility pattern of various Candida isolates from different clinical specimens in a tertiary care hospital in Western Uttar Pradesh

Background: Candida species are component of normal flora of human beings. Candidiasis is the commonest fungal disease affecting mucosa, skin, nails and internal organs. A variety of predisposing factors are known to cause candidiasis either by altering balance of normal microbial flora of the body or by lowering the host defence.Methods: A total of 90 specimens submitted in the department of microbiology were included in this study.  Identification of Candida species as well as antifungal sensitivity testing was performed with Vitek®2 compact (Biomerieux France) using Vitek2 cards for identification of yeast and yeast like organisms (ID-YST cards). Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using Vitek2 fungal susceptibility card (AST YS01) kits respectively.Results: The distribution of the clinical samples were urine 53 (58.9%), sputum 14 (15.5%), blood 10 (11.1%), nail 6 (6.7%) and high vaginal swab 7 (7.8%). Among 90 clinical isolates, species obtained were C. tropicalis 53 (59%), C. albicans 23 (25.5%), C. glabrata 6 (6.7%), C. parapsilosis 4 (4.4%), C. krusei 2 (2.2%), C. pelliculosa 1 (1.1%), C. famata 1 (1.1%).Conclusions: Infections caused by non-candida albicans species have increased. Identification of Candida species and their antifungal susceptibility are important for the treatment of hospitalized patients with serious underlying disease