Deep-sea benthic foraminiferal changes in the Eastern Indian Ocean (ODP Hole 757B): their links to deep Indonesian (Pacific) flow and high latitude glaciation during the Neogene

This study analyses 26.5 Ma record of deep-sea benthic foraminifera from 194 samples from Ocean Drilling Program Hole 757B (latitude 17°01.458' S, longitude 88°10.899' E, water depth of 1652.1 m) located on the Ninetyeast Ridge, southeastern Indian Ocean below equatorial divergence zone. The data document important changes in benthic foraminiferal population at Hole 757B since the late Oligocene. The welloxygenated, oligotrophic species including Cibicides cicatricosus, C. pseudoungerianus and Oridorsalis umbonatus were dominant during the late Oligocene to the early Miocene. These species began to decline as site 757 moved northward into the influence of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) beneath surface and subsurface water masses from the Pacific Ocean. Cibicides cicatricosus and C. pseudoungerianus disappeared in the late Miocene (10-8 Ma) at Hole 757B. The lower bathyal to abyssal species Nuttallides umbonifera shows a major increase at ~11.5 Ma coinciding with a significant increase in Neodymium (Nd) isotope values, indicating substantial transport of deep Pacific water to the Indian Ocean through the Indonesian seaway. Nuttallides umbonifera decreases drastically during 3-2.8 Ma, though the Nd isotope values do not show a decrease. We relate this change to a low sample resolution in the latter study. This event coincides with the final closure of the Indonesian seaway and a switch in shallow ITF source from warm, saline South Pacific to cool, fresh North Pacific thermocline water, which triggered global cooling and major expansion of Northern Hemisphere glaciation

Probability Models For Explaining Migration Process From Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

This paper aims to examine the pattern of male out-migration and explains the distribution of households according to number of male migrants aged fifteen and above. The suitability of proposed model is tested with primary data collected from remote and semi-urban areas of Varanasi, 2012. Findings highlight that the average number of clusters from the remote households is higher and the average number of individuals per clusters is lower in comparison to the semi-urban villages. The average number of migrants per household has increased with increasing size of households in the remote as well as in semi-urban villages. The average number of migrants per household is higher among upper caste followed by middle caste, Muslims and scheduled caste from the study area. Average number of migrants per household has increased over six times in the low economic status of the households. In the medium and high economic status of the households, average number of migrants per household is found to be around three and two times more respectively, over the last three decades. The increasing average number of migrants per household portray that an increasing propensity of adult male migration from the study area. Over 2.7 times increase in the average number of migrants per household may be primarily due to increasing man-land ratio in the absence of relative growth in employment opportunities. Thus, the existing imbalances in demand and supply of gainful employment opportunities in the region may be the key to continuously increasing the number of migrants per households from the region

Collective clusterization effects in light heavy ion reactions

The collective clusterization process, proposed for intermediate mass fragments (IMFs, 4$<$A$\le$28, 2$<$Z$\le$14) emitted from the hot and rotating compound nuclei formed in low energy reactions, is extended further to include also the emission of light particles (LPs, A$\le$4, Z$\le$2) from the fusion-evaporation residues. Both the LPs and IMFs are treated as the dynamical collective mass motion of preformed clusters through the barrier. Compared to IMFs, LPs are shown to have different characteristics, and the predictions of our, so-called, dynamical cluster-decay model are similar to those of the statistical fission model.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, Conferenc

Evidence of mobile carriers with Charge Ordering gap in Epitaxial Pr0.625_{0.625}Ca0.375_{0.375}MnO3_{3} Thin Films

Epitaxial thin films of charge-ordered Pr$_{0.625}$Ca$_{0.375}$MnO$_{3}$ have been studied using variable temperature Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS). The as grown films were found to be granular while the annealed films show atomic terraces at all temperatures and are found to be electronically homogeneous in 78-300K temperature range. At high temperatures (T$>$T$_{CO}\approx$ 230 K) the local tunnel spectra of the annealed films show a depression in the density of states (DOS) near Fermi energy implying a pseudogap with a significant DOS at E$_F$. The gap feature becomes more robust with cooling with a sharp jump in DOS at E$_F$ at T$_{CO}$ and with a gap value of $\sim$0.3 eV at 78K. At low temperatures we find a small but finite DOS at E$_F$ indicative of some delocalized carriers in the CO phase together with an energy gap. This is consistent with bulk transport, which shows weakening of the activation gap with cooling below 200K, and indicates the presence of two types of carriers at low temperatures.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Morbidity Pattern Among Out-Patients Attending Urban Health Training Centre in Srinagar

The current study was designed to identify the morbidity pattern of out-patients attending Urban Health Training Centre in an urban area of a medical college in Srinagar, Pauri Garhwal district, Uttarakhand, North India. The present study record-based retrospective study was conducted among the out-patients attending the regular clinic at the Urban Health Training Centre, of a medical college in Srinagar city of Uttarakhand State of North India during the study period of one year in 2014. Data was retrieved from the OPD registers maintained at the clinic. Data was collected pertaining to socio-demographic profile, morbidity details and treatment pattern. Diseases were identified using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) code. Descriptive analysis was done. During the study period, a total of 9343 subjects attended the OPD. Among them, majority of them (60%) were females. More than half (56 %) belonged to the age group of 35-65 year age-group. The association of disease classification was found to be statistically significant with respect to gender. The leading morbidity of communicable disease was found to be certain infectious and parasitic diseases especially Typhoid whereas musculoskeletal system and connective tissue disorders were the most common cause among morbidity due to NCDs. Out of all, typhoid was found to cause maximum of morbidity among the subjects. The present study highlights the morbidity pattern of communicable and NCDs among the population of hilly areas of Garhwal, Uttarakhand India. Priority should be preferred for the regular tracking of diseases in terms of preventive and promotive aspects. Morbidity in the out- door clinics reflects the emerging trend of mixed disease spectrum burden comprising communicable and non-communicable diseases