A prelude report on molecular docking of HER2 protein towards comprehending anti-cancer properties of saponins from Solanum tuberosum

Saponins are extensively known for many biological activities e.g. antimicrobial, anti-palatability, anti-cancer and hemolytic. As cancer cells have a more cholesterol-like compound in their membrane structure the saponins bind cholesterol due to their natural affinity to bind cancer cell membrane. This prevents them from entering the body through the intestinal tract, where they have the ability to attach themselves to vital organs and grow. This study reports the effective use of lower dose saponins like immunotoxin so that they can inhibit the proliferation of cancerous pancreatic cells. The investigation of pancreatic cancer metabolic pathway it was found that proteins 3H3B produced by genes HER-2 are involved in the enhancement of this type of cancer. Further docking studies showed that there is an effective interaction between saponins and cancer cells. The glide score of the saponin analogue compound with CID 21573770 (Pubchem) was -6.30 followed by score of -6.05 and -5.29 for 5-Florouracil and gemcitabine respectively. The interaction was observed in the GLU and GLN rich region, saponins made H-bonds with GLU-188, GLN-119, VAL-72 and GLN-71. This study indicates an effective way towards leading newer prospects for developing saponin analogue based cancer-fighting drugs with improved cancer cell inhibition property without killing normal cells

Aeromechanics of Coaxial Rotor Helicopters using the Viscous Vortex Particle Method

Coaxial rotor helicopters are a candidate for the next generation of rotorcraft due to their ability to achieve high speeds without compromising hover performance. Coaxial rotors are designed to offload the retreating side of the rotor in high speed flight to delay the effects of reverse flow and blade stall which limit the speed of conventional single main rotor helicopters. The proximity of the two rotors induces periodic blade passage effect loads and unsteady rotor wake interactions absent in single rotor configurations. Coaxial rotors employ stiff composite hingeless blades to prevent the possibility of blade strike. At high speeds, the coaxial rotor operates at reduced RPM to avoid the drag penalty on the advancing blade tip. This combination of rotor lift distribution, periodic blade passage effect, unsteady rotor wake interaction, combined with stiff hingeless blades and reduced rotor RPM implies that a coaxial rotor system requires a specialized aeromechanical analysis. The goal of this dissertation is to develop a comprehensive aeromechanical analysis capable of modeling the aeroelasticity of stiff hingeless counter-rotating blades and the complex rotor-wake interactions present in a coaxial rotor system. The rotor wake is modeled with the Viscous Vortex Particle method, a grid free approach for calculating vortex interactions over long distances. The spanwise blade loading in attached flow is obtained from a computational fluid dynamics based rational function approximation unsteady aerodynamic model. The ONERA dynamic stall model is extended to capture three dimensional effects due to flow separation. The combination of the viscous vortex particle method with reduced order models for spanwise loading captures the unsteady coaxial rotor loads with computational efficiency. Trim procedures are developed to determine control inputs for a coaxial rotor to maintain equilibrium in hover and forward flight. In forward flight, two different trim conditions are considered: trim with propulsor off, and trim at level attitude. The two trim conditions have a significant impact on the vibratory hub loads, rotor inflow distribution and the aeroelastic stability. A unique aspect of the coaxial rotor is that its stability in both hover and forward flight are governed by equations with periodic coefficients. Therefore, a periodic aeroelastic stability analysis based on Floquet theory is applied. A new graphical method is developed to identify coupling between the blade modes of the two rotors. The aeromechanical formulation is applied to a rotor resembling the Sikorsky X2TD coaxial helicopter. In hover, the rotor experiences 8/rev blade passage loads due to oscillations in the blade bound circulation induced inflow. Increasing the collective pitch increases the coupling between the flap and lag modes of the blade. The aerodynamic interactions lead to an inter-rotor coupling of the first flap modes. In forward flight, the effects of trim condition, advance ratio, lift offset, and separated wake on the hub loads, inflow distribution and aeroelastic stability are examined. The results indicate that the aeroelastic stability of the lag mode is reduced in forward flight at a level attitude compared to hover. This study provides an improved physical understanding of the aeroelastic interactions in coaxial rotors. The work presented in this dissertation has the potential to facilitate design and development of future high-speed coaxial rotorcraft.PHDAerospace EngineeringUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/163227/1/punsingh_1.pd

Analysis of SQL Injection Detection Techniques

SQL Injection is one of the vulnerabilities in OWASPs Top Ten List for Web Based Application Exploitation.These types of attacks takes place on Dynamic Web applications as they interact with the databases for the various operations.Current Content Management System like Drupal, Joomla or Wordpress have all the information stored in their databases. A single intrusion into these types of websites can lead to overall control of websites by the attacker. Researchers are aware of the basic SQL Injection attacks but there are numerous SQL Injection attacks which are yet to be Prevented and Detected. Over here, we present the extensive review for the Advanced SQL Injection attack such as Fast Flux Sql Injection, Compounded SQL Injection and Deep Blind SQL Injection. We also analyze the detection and prevention using the classical methods as well as modern approaches. We will be discussing the Comparative Evaluation for prevention of SQL Injection

Review on Analysis of LTE and Cognitive Radio Network using OFDM signal

Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) are built to achieve high data rates with low latency and packet optimized system. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDM) is adopted as the access technology for LTE in modern technology. OFDM provides several techniques and advantages for spectrum allocations to network segments, intra-cell Radio Resource Management (RRM) using Dynamic Subcarrier Assignment (DSA), Adaptive Power Allocation and Adaptive Modulation (AM) methods, providing the means for a flexible RRM scheme capable to address the problems of the service or cell area and provide solutions for proper network adaptation