Modified gravity as a common cause for cosmic acceleration and flat galaxy rotation curves

Flat galaxy rotation curves and the accelerating Universe both imply the existence of a critical acceleration, which is of the same order of magnitude in both the cases, in spite of the galactic and cosmic length scales being vastly different. Yet, it is customary to explain galactic acceleration by invoking gravitationally bound dark matter, and cosmic acceleration by invoking a `repulsive` dark energy. Instead, might it not be the case that the flatness of rotation curves and the acceleration of the Universe have a common cause? In this essay we propose a modified theory of gravity. By applying the theory on galactic scales we demonstrate flat rotation curves without dark matter, and by applying it on cosmological scales we demonstrate cosmic acceleration without dark energy.Comment: 7 pages, 1 fgure. Honorable Mention in Gravity Research Foundation Essay Contest 2012. v2: Two minor typos correcte

Interpersonal Relation and its Effect on Teaching and Learning

There is so many factors which affect teaching learning process such as: Health of the child, Emotional psychological and intellectual, Miscellaneous environmental factors, Media influence, Methods of Learning, Methods of teaching and Maxims of teaching. Out of them the relationship with teacher, parents and peers is the   most important factor which affects teaching learning process most. The problem under study i.e. measurement of interpersonal relationship and its effect uncovering the hidden reality in educational and scientific system operating in interpersonal relationship between students, teachers, principal and other.The study investigated effect of interpersonal relation on teaching and learning process.100 students were randomly selected from English Medium CBSE affiliated secondary Schools of Ranikhet town named as Bearshiva Senior Secondary School and Army Public School Ranikhet of Uttarakhand in India. Nine general questions were formulated and answered descriptively while nine hypotheses in the study were tested using mean, S.D, median, mode, kurtosis, skewness and Product moment method of Co-efficient of correlation statistic were computed from the total sample. It was found that there is a positive moderate interpersonal interaction with teaching learning process. So the relationship between Teacher-Teacher, Teacher-Student, Teacher-Principal, Student-Teacher, Student-Student, Student-principal, Principal-Teacher, Principal-Student, and Human-interaction affects the teaching - learning process. Keywords: Interpersonal relationship, Measurement, Moderate and Positive Co-relation, Teaching learning Proces

Role of multi-biomarkers and algorithms for diagnosis of early-stage ovarian cancer

Our reviews intend to provide a comprehensive update for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer using biomarkers (CA125) and ultrasonography algorithm RMI and ROMA and how to improve our approaches to identify and diagnose ovarian cancer in early stage and improve the survival rate This meta-analysis done in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Swaroop Rani hospital Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. Source of literature was all the standard online articles available in last 3years and also the departmental records of the last 1year following criteria CA125, HE4, RMI, ROMA for screening or diagnosis. Our result on the basis of ODDS ratio and confidence interval (CI) of tumour marker like CA125, HE4, RMI, ROMA from different study. Overall estimation and pooled estimation determined by forest plot and our pooled estimation is present between the 0.8 OR to 1.0 OR and 95 % of confidence interval of the result. Our study concludes that RMI has comparatively good OR ratio and pooled effect of forest plot is in favour of RMI 0.8 OR to 1.0 OR and had good opportunity to identify early-stage ovarian cancer. Our study concludes that RMI score has comparatively good OR ratio and it can be used to identify early-stage ovarian cancer which can help in on time intervention and improved outcomes in such patients

Case Study: Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis and Increased HbA1C

Several metabolic problems and clinical symptoms are caused by hypothyroidism. According to some research, hypothyroidism may cause blood sugar levels to rise. It has been shown that people with diabetes who also have hypothyroidism may have higher Hemoglobin A1C values (HBA1C). This test is used to diagnose and monitor diabetes patients' blood   sugar control. A high HBA1C typically implies poor diabetes management. Patient was suffering from Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, which was diagnosed through blood investigations and was given treatment as per functional medicine approach. HbA1c was seen high in start, which reduced significantly after functional medicine treatment and therapies. Our study suggests that we should be cautious while interpreting HbA1c values in patients with hypothyroid and treating patients while observing all their symptoms and treating them by working on their root cause i.e., functional medicine approach

Doppler study of umbilical and fetal middle cerebral artery in severe preeclampsia and intra uterine growth restriction and correlation with perinatal outcome

Background: Pre-eclampsia and IUGR are two conditions resulting from defective trophoblastic invasion of spiral arteries and an increase in vascular resistance in uteroplacental circulation. Doppler offers a non-invasive tool for evaluation of fetoplacental blood flow and correlate with fetal compromise giving early warning sign of fetal distress.Methods: The study was conducted in Command Hospital, Lucknow in 100 singleton pregnancies with vertex presentation between 28-40 weeks of gestation with severe preeclampsia and/or IUGR. Doppler analysis of UA and MCA was done. Pregnancies were terminated depending on clinical condition and Doppler results.Results: Abnormal Umbilical artery S/D ratio had strong statistical correlation with poor perinatal outcome. Elevated RI had 100% sensitivity in predicting APGAR48hrs) in predicting poor perinatal outcome. PI values had highest sensitivity for predicting low APGAR values and highest specificity for predicting NICU admission. AEDF and REDF also correlated with adverse perinatal outcome. MCA S/D ratio had a high sensitivity (96.8%) in determining NICU stay>48h and specificity (70%) in determining NICU admissions. RI had highest sensitivity (71.8%) for NICU stay >48hrs and highest specificity for predicting NICU admissions (76.5%). MCA PI had a sensitivity of 66.6% in determining APGAR<7 at 5min and a specificity of 78.7% in determining NICU admissions. CPR had the highest sensitivity (100%) among all indices.Conclusions: The study showed an adverse fetal outcome in cases of severe preeclampsia and or IUGR which showed abnormal Doppler results and thereby help to determine the optimal time for delivery