Study of incidence and different aspects of cervical malignancy in tertiary centre of Jharkhand, India

ackground: Among the various killers of women of developing world, cervical cancer remains high in the list. Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide and the most common cancer in developing nations. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of cervical cancer in post-menopausal women in Jharkhand and to determine various risk factors.Methods: The study was conducted on post-menopausal females presenting in outpatient department, emergency and indoor patients admitted in the department of Gynecology and Obstetrics at Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi from March 2015 to September 2016. All post-menopausal women patients with suspected or proved cervical malignancy were included in the study.Results: The incidence of cervical cancer in this study was 16%. Maximum number of cases with cervical malignancy was in the age of 51-60 (45.83%). 45.83% of cases belonged to Hindu community. Maximum number of cases belonged to low socio-economic group (66.66%).  45.83% of cases were para 5 or more Most of the patient had more than one complains. Post-menopausal bleeding was commonest complain present in 66.66%, 77.08% came in advance stage (stage IIb+ III+ IV).Conclusions: This study showed UA-S/D ratio and UA-RI>2SD are significant predictors of perinatal deaths and immediate neonatal resuscitation in preeclampsia. Acute fetal distress in labour or neonatal nursery admission could not be predicted

A Survey of Growth and Development Issues of the Pacific Islands

This paper is a survey of some key variables with an international dimension and implications for growth and development policies in selected Pacific island countries. Results from a simple growth accounting exercise show that factor accumulation is the most dominant growth factor and that the contribution of total factor productivity is negligible. Therefore, increasing the investment rate to improve growth rate is a pragmatic medium-term policy option. Further, econometric analysis shows that foreign aid has a negligible effect on output and growth in Fiji, Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea.macroeconomic analyses, economic growth, development issues, Pacific islands

Clampless non descent vaginal hysterectomy: “A novel art”

Background: Objective of this study was to assess feasibility and safety of clampless non descent vaginal hysterectomy of uterus up to 16 weeks size and identifying factors that determine success of surgery.Methods: Study was conducted in 50 women with non-prolapsed uteri, with clear cut indication of hysterectomy for a benign cause, without suspected adnexal pathology. Operating time, estimated blood loss, surgical techniques, difficulties encountered during operation, operative and post-operative complications and conversion to laparotomy when needed were recorded.Results: Vaginal hysterectomy was successful in 47 cases. Bisection was required in 60% cases, myomectomy in 24% cases and morcellation in 16% cases. Amount of blood loss and operating time was proportional to size of uterus.Conclusions: Clampless non descent vaginal hysterectomy is a safe and effective procedure and for success not only size of the uterus but its all dimensions and location of fibroid should be taken into consideration.

Impact of WTO on Potato Export from India

Attempts are being made to export potatoes from India since 1970s but the quantities exported have been negligible and variable in spite of the fact that Indian potatoes are technically excellent and moderately export competitive. With the liberalization of Indian economy and establishment of WTO it was expected that the WTO regime would increase the price level in the international market due to implementation of proposed heavy cut in agricultural subsidies by the developed countries and hence the export of potatoes from India may get a boost. Under this backdrop, the study has ascertained the effect of establishment of WTO on export of potatoes from India. The study has indicated a declining export competitiveness of Indian potatoes in the post-WTO era, which requires immediate attention of policymakers as well as researchers in India to improve the export competitiveness by increasing the productivity and decreasing the cost of production. A need has been emphasized on giving some export incentives and easing some of the major infrastructural bottlenecks. Frozen-potatoes export from India had depicted competitiveness in the post-WTO era which can be encouraged to capture the fast expanding market of the product. The potato export from India can be made stable by either encouraging big export houses in the potato export or establishing a “Potato Board†to look into various aspects of potato export from the country.Agricultural and Food Policy,

Incidence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection in a children\u27s hospital in the Washington metropolitan area of the United States, 2003-2010

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a major public health threat. In this retrospective cohort study, we included patients with laboratory-confirmed MRSA infections treated at Children’s National Medical Center in Washington, District of Columbia between July 2003 and December 2010. The secular trends in the incidence rates of skin/soft tissue and invasive MRSA infections were assessed. Molecular analyses were performed on a subset of patients with invasive infections whose MRSA isolates were available for genotyping. The study identified 3750 patients with MRSA infections. The incidence of MRSA infections peaked in 2007 (incidence rate: 5.34 per 1000 patient-visits) and subsequently declined at a rate of 5% per year. By December 2010, the MRSA incidence rate reached 3.77 per 1000 patient-visits. Seventeen (14.7%) patients with invasive MRSA infections died, and the mortality risk significantly increased if the MRSA infections were healthcare-associated (HA) or if an isolate was resistant to clindamycin and/or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. In conclusion, this study described a descending trend in MRSA infections in children since 2007. Although invasive MRSA infections only accounted for a small portion of the total MRSA infections, they were associated with a high mortality risk. The prevention and control of the spread of MRSA remains a crucial and challenging task

Psychrotrophic ~Iydrolytic Bacteria from Antarctica &,Other I. Low Temperature Habitats

Samples of water, soil,llake sediments and blue-green algal mats from Antarctica were'processed for enumeration, isolation and screening of psychrotrophic hydrolytic bacteria. Amylolytic bacteria were preponderant (75 per cent) in the blue-green algal htat samples. Protease, lipase, an1ylase and urerse producing/bacteria were also isolated from the samples. ,Biochemical characteristics indicated that the isolates ;mainly comprised Pseudomonas and Bacillus species. Proteases and lipases of antarctic bacterial strains preferably hydrolysed denatured protein substrate and water soluble monomeric synthetic lipid substrates, respectively

Foundation phase teachers' experiences of learner bullying and disruptive behaviour: a case study.

M. Ed. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 2014.School bullying is an ever - increasing pandemic which is not only affecting schools in Kwa Zulu - Natal, but is also a national problem. Teachers encounter an increasing amount of bullying and disruptive behaviour in their schools. This study focused on the impact of bullying and disruptive behaviour on teacher morale and on teachers’ academic deliverance. The research was conducted in a primary school, focusing on the behaviour of the learners between the ages of 6 to 9, in the Foundation phase at the school. The teachers from the Foundation Phase at the school were interviewed with regards to their experiences with learner bullying and disruptive behavior. Their responses were recorded on a Dictaphone and were then transcribed. Using a qualitative methodology, the study found that bullying and disruptive behavior was prevalent at the school. The teachers expressed their concerns with regard to such behavior and its impact on their morale and the extent to which it affects teaching and learning in the classroom. The participants were able to identify a few characteristics or behaviour traits displayed by the bully or disruptive learner. The use of Kolb’s’ Experiential theory, which advocates that self-reflection of ones’ experiences allows one to explore ones’ experiences. This process allowed participants to reflect on experiences and then learn from them. The findings show that teachers felt that time was wasted on discipline issues and that they require more support from parents and the school. As a result of learner bullying and disruptive behavior, teachers were despondent as this impacted on their mental health. The study recommends that the Department of Education provides support structures for teachers and learners as bullying is a result of emotional and physical imbalances which could take place at the home or school front. For teachers, support may be in the form of compulsory developmental workshops on how to handle with discipline issues. This could also be a part of the pre- service training as the newer teachers who are entering this field are experiencing great difficulty with this phenomenon

Opterećenje tekućinom i prijenosna sposobnost bubrega u dvogrbe deve u dehidraciji i rehidraciji zimi i ljeti

The effect of dehydration and rehydration was studied during winter and summer on solute loads and transfer function of kidney in healthy adult female dromedary camels. Kidney solute loads (KSLs) which included plasma loads (PL) and tubular loads (TL) were determined for glucose, proteins, urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium and phosphorus. The dehydration period was of 24 days in winter and 13 days in summer. Water was provided ad libitum during control and rehydration periods and was restricted completely during dehydration period. The mean value of TFK during summer control was significantly (P≤0.05) lower than that in winter control. In winter the mean values of TFK during rehydration phases differed significantly (P≤0.05) from control values. A similar trend was observed during summer, except that the calculations for TFK could not be made at hour ½ and at hour 2 of rehydration since animals did not void urine. During dehydration periods in both seasons PL and TL mean values decreased significantly (P≤0.05) from respective control mean values. It was concluded that during dehydration reduction in kidney solute loads was indicative of the water conservation ability of camels because reduced plasma loads and tubular loads resulted in trapping of constituents in the plasma to hold more water.Istražen je učinak dehidracije i rehidracije u tijeku zime i ljeta na opterećenje tekućinom i prijenosnu sposobnost bubrega u zdravih ženki dvogrbe deve. Opterećenje obuhvaća plazmalno (PO) i tubularno (TO) opterećenje, a određivano je za glukozu, bjelančevine, mokraćevinu, kreatinin, natrij, kalij, klor, kalcij i fosfor. Razdoblje dehidracije trajalo je 24 dana zimi i 13 dana ljeti. Životinje su po volji pile vodu tijekom kontrolnoga i rehidracijskoga razdoblja, ali vodu nisu dobivale u tijeku dehidracijskoga razdoblja. Srednja vrijednost prijenosne sposobnosti bubrega u tijeku ljetnih mjeseci bila je značajno niža (P≤0,05) u odnosu na zimsko kontrolno razdoblje. Zimi su se srednje vrijednosti prijenosne sposobnosti bubrega za vrijeme rehidracije značajno razlikovale u odnosu na kontrolne vrijednosti (P≤0,05). Sličan je trend zabilježen ljeti, osim što izračuni nisu mogli biti učinjeni sat i pol te dva sata nakon rehidracije, jer životinje nisu izlučivale mokraću. Srednje vrijednosti PO i TO bile su značajno manje u odnosu na kontrolu (P≤0,05) u tijeku dehidracijskoga razdoblja u oba godišnja doba. Zaključuje se da je smanjeno opterećenje bubrega u tijeku dehidracije dobar pokazatelj sposobnosti čuvanja vode s obzirom na to da smanjeno plazmalno i tubularno opterećenje dovodi do zadržavanja sastojaka u plazmi koji imaju sposobnost osmotskoga zadržavanja vode