Green synthesis of Iron nanoparticle from the extract of waste cauliflower leaves: An application for the removal of an anionic dye (Methyl Orange)

In this study, we have synthesized iron nanoparticles with the help of an environmentally benign technique using the extract of waste cauliflower leaves (Ca-INPs). This method of green synthesis of nanoparticles reduces the hazardous impact chemical synthesis method as well as it also allows the use of biological waste for the synthesis that ultimately reduces the production cost. Synthesized were used for the adsorptive removal of an anionic dye Methyl Orange (MO) from its aqueous solution after characterizing them with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The adsorption process was optimized by varying different parameters that were Ca-INPs concentration, initial MO concentration, contact time and pH. Maximum adsorption of MO was found at 2 g/L concentration of MO with initial MO concentration 5 mg/L. equilibrium time for adsorption was observed to be 120 min. the adsorption process was also analyzed by the application of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic to understand the mechanism behind the adsorption of MO onto Ca-INPs. The adsorption process was best followed by Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic reaction. Maximum adsorption capacity of Ca-INPs for MO adsorption was found to be 21.73 mg/g

Study to Assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Blood Donation among Students of Gandhi Medical College and TIT Engineering College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

Background: The WHO theme for World Blood Donor Day 2011 was “More blood More life”. This theme reinforced the urgent need for more people all over the world to become life-savers by volunteering to donate blood regularly. Blood can save millions of lives. The requirement of blood and blood products in a country depends on the population, health care structure, prevalence of conditions requiring regular transfusions, such as hemophilia and thalassemia etc.Aim: To assess and improve the knowledge attitude and practice of blood donation among undergraduate college students of GMC & TIT Engineering College Bhopal.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 6 months from July 2017 to December 2017 among 500 college students of GMC & TIT Engineering College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India using convenience sampling, where blood donation camps were to be held. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires and analyzed by Epi info-7 software.Results: The overall knowledge on blood donation among total respondents was increased from 28.9% to 52.6%. In our sample size of 500 after making them aware regarding blood donation and its benefits 193 respondents gave consent and showed positive attitude towards donation. Most common reason for donating blood was a sense of social responsibility and most common reason of non-donation was fear of the procedure. An 85% of the students were of the view that they would donate blood if asked. Students suggested that small incentives like certificates and arranging transport for blood donation would make it easier to donate.Conclusion: After assessment of all 500 individuals we came to the conclusion that awareness and knowledge among students and individuals was increased from 28.9% to 52.7%. And after encouraging all individuals for donation and keeping a target of 100 unit’s collection, we were able to collect 193 units in the course of our project

Removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from the water using various adsorbents: A review

Today purification of water is essential and to fulfil the water demand of the growing population and shrinking water resources. In last decades due to industrialization and overpopulation, the water quality is been degraded not only of surface water but also of groundwater because of constant release of industrial effluent directly to the water bodies without any primary treatment and over exploitation on groundwater. Among several water treatment technology adsorption is mostly considered one that is easy to manage, demand less cost and energy. However, synthesis of an effective environmentally benign and economically sustainable adsorbent is the centre of focus of researchers these days. There are various adsorbents like nanoparticles, activated carbon and zeolite etc. are being used yet for the removal of various water pollutants. In this chapter, the adsorbents are divided into natural, carbonaceous and nanoparticles categories and their various uses in water treatment are described

Phytoremediational approaches to combat Heavy Metal Pollution: A Brief Overview

The heavy metal pollution has caused detrimental effects on human health. Arsenic (As) being ubiquitously present as As (V) and As (III) in soil, enters the food chain through inefficient agricultural practices. Phytoremediation; an eco-friendly, solar energy driven technique has been proposed to remediate the heavy metal contaminated sites. It involves the optimum utilization of certain plants that potentially channelize the heavy metal through them, converting them into lesser toxic forms. Due to certain limitations like; slow accumulation within plants, lesser plant root biomass, etc., phytoremediation is now coupled chemically or with microbes for enhanced remediational results. However, nowadays research is emphasised on developing metal tolerant transgenic plants, which could survive under extreme conditions and yield better plant productivity

Effects of Natural Zeolites on Bioavailability and Leachability of Heavy Metals in the Composting Process of Biodegradable Wastes

The bioavailability and leachability of heavy metals play an important role in the toxicity of heavy metals in the final compost followed by land application. This chapter examines the effects of natural zeolite on bioavailability of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Cr) in the form of water soluble and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) extractable. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test was performed to examine the leachability of heavy metals. Water solubility, DTPA extractability, leachability, and most bioavailable fractions were reduced during agitated pile composting (APC) and rotary drum composting (RDC) of water hyacinth with zeolite addition. The addition of the natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) during the composting process led to an increase in Na, Ca, and K concentrations and significantly reduced the water solubility and DTPA and TCLP extractability of heavy metals. The addition of an appropriate amount of natural zeolite during the composting process enhanced the organic matter degradation, thereby increasing the conversion into the most stabilized organic matter and reducing the bioavailability and leachability of heavy metals

Estimation of Compost Stability During Rotary Drum Composting of Municipal Solid Waste

oai:ojs2.gjestenv.com:article/2Studies are conducted to evaluate the stability of compost prepared by three combinations (C/N 16, 22 and 30) of grass cutting, mix vegetable waste, cattle dung, food waste, paper waste and saw waste in a rotary drum composter. Variations in key stability parameters were observed to assess the stability of compost. The decrease in CO2 evolution rates for the C/N 16, 22 and 30 strongly recommended the viability of rotary drum for all kind of municipal organic waste with different C/N ratios. Results indicated the compost of C/N 22 with lower final Oxygen Uptake Rate (OUR), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) can be considered as the very mature compost with a Solvita® maturity index of 8 and were ready for usage as a soil conditioner. Therefore, it can be suggested that rotary drum composting of mixed organic waste at initial C/N ratio of 22 can produce stable compost within 20 days of composting

Speciation of trace metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Fe and Mn) during rotary drum composting of paper mill sludge

Chemical speciation is a very proficient tool for assessing bioavailability of heavy metals. Thus, this study was carried out to detect the variation in distribution of different fractions (Exchangeable, Carbonate, Reducible, Oxidizable and Residual) of Cu, Fe, Ni, Zn and Mn and also to assess the influence of physico-chemical parameters on chemical speciation during rotary drum composting of primary paper mill sludge (PPMS). Residual fraction was established as the most dominant fraction during speciation. Concentration of Ni was found to be mostly associated with residual fraction. However, though concentration of Cu was not found very high but its bioavailability was prominent. The current study reveals that cow dung addition in optimization can influence the physico-chemical parameters, which in turn decreases the bioavailable fraction (exchangeable and carbonate) of heavy metals during composting

Studies on the dependence of optical rotatory power on chemical constitution. Part IV. Aryl derivatives of bisiminocamphor

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