Identifying strategies for strengthening market position

This research aims to comprehend how an organisation operates its business and to identify the strategies adopted by it to strengthen its position in the market. The research starts with the background of the restaurant, which is followed by an internal and external analysis of the business to better understand its business environment. This includes SWOT analysis, PESTLE analysis, and an understanding of the competition. Then the scope of the research is mentioned, and further explained in the literature review. The areas covered in the literature review include interior design, competitive advantage, analysis of customer base and satisfaction, human resources and expansion strategies. Then the methods used to conduct the research are discussed. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used for this research. Then the results obtained, and observations made from conducting the interview and questionnaire are covered. A complete detained analysis of the results is included in the discussion. The results section primarily highlights the most likable factor about the restaurant and its position in the market. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations made for the organisation to increase their sales are provided on the basis of the results obtained. It has been observed that the organisation faces stiff competition and needs to take measures to improve its market position

Out of Mind, Out of Sight: A Critical Appraisal of Social Initiatives to Curb Migration in Uttarakhand

The existing state of affairs in the hill and rural areas of Uttarakhand is very dangerous as thestate has more than fifteen hundred ghost villages and this number is growing day in day out. The villagers from these places are moving out to plain areas within and outside the state mainly for employment opportunities and a variety of other reasons also contributes to this unfortunate process. Comprehending the urgency of the situation several individuals, non-government organizations, self help groups and the different agencies of the government have started a number of initiatives to curb this serious issue of migration. This research article makes an effort to study the circumstances, current scenario and predominant causes in relation to migration for the state of Uttarakhand. The research article mainly focusses on some of the successful cases of social initiatives attempted for helping to create a viable environment so that people do not have  to migrate out of their home in search for facilities. The article concludes that such kind of social initiatives have the potential to stop the process of migration and to initiate reverse migration in the state but still a fair distance has to be covered to make this vision palpable

Congenital orbital teratoma presenting as microphthalmos with cyst

We report a rare case of non-communicating large orbital cyst with microphthalmos which was surgically separated from the globe and excised. Histopathology reported it to be a teratoma. Congenital cystic teratoma should be a part of the differential diagnosis in an infant presenting with a clinical picture of microphthalmos with orbital cyst, in view of the different management required

Congenital orbital teratoma presenting as microphthalmos with cyst

We report a rare case of non-communicating large orbital cyst with microphthalmos which was surgically separated from the globe and excised. Histopathology reported it to be a teratoma. Congenital cystic teratoma should be a part of the differential diagnosis in an infant presenting with a clinical picture of microphthalmos with orbital cyst, in view of the different management required

Perioperative antimicrobial therapy in preventing infectious complications following pancreatoduodenectomy

Background & objectives: Infectious complications have been reported to occur in up to 45 per cent of patients, following pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). The incidence of perioperative infectious and overall complications is higher in patients undergoing preoperative invasive endoscopic procedures. The aim of the study was to compare the role of a carbapenem administered as three-once daily perioperative doses on infectious complications in patients at high risk for these complications versus those at low risk. Methods: A retrospective study with some secondary data collected from records was carried out on the data from a prospectively maintained surgical database of patients undergoing PD for pancreatic and periampullary lesions at a tertiary referral care centre, between June 2011 and May 2013. Patients were divided into two groups for comparison based on whether they underwent at least one preoperative endoscopic interventional procedure before PD (high-risk - intervention and low-risk - no intervention). All patients were administered three-once daily doses of ertapenem (1 g). Results: A total of 135 patients in two groups were comparable in terms of demographic and nutritional, surgical and histopathological factors. No significant difference between the two groups in terms of the overall morbidity (38.7 vs 35.7%), infectious complications (9.7 vs 4.8%), mortality (2.2 vs 2.4%) and mean post-operative hospital stay (9.2 vs 8.9 days) was observed. Interpretation & conclusions: Perioperative three-day course of once-daily administered ertapenem resulted in a non-significant difference in infectious and overall complications in high-risk patients undergoing PD as compared to the low-risk group

Natural Radionuclides in Surface Soil and Quantification of Associated Radiological Hazards in Fatehabad and Hisar districts, Haryana, India

945-954Elevated levels of primordial radionuclides (238U/ 232Th- decay series and 40 K) are the foremost source of higher background radiations. Natural radioactive elements may prove precariously radioactive in some situations. So, it is essential to quantify the natural levels of radioactivity in the soil to figure out how much the population is exposed to, what the health risks are, and have a starting point for figuring out how radioactivity in the environment will change due to human activities. In this study natural radioactivity in the soil of different residential areas of Fatehabad and Hisar districts in Haryana, India has been quantified. HPGe gamma spectrometry has been used to quantify the activity of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in the soil of the area under investigation. The respective activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K ranged 32 to 53 Bq kg−1, 23 to 41 Bq kg−1, and 402 to 610 Bq kg−1. The activity equivalent to radium only (Raeq), the air absorbed dose rate (AAD), the effective dose equivalent rate(AEDEC), the gonadal dose equivalent rate (AGDE), the external risk index, the internal risk index, the index for gamma level, cancer risk for an average lifetime, etc. were calculated and compared with the international standards. Each sample of soil had lesser radium equivalent activities than the permissible limit, i.e., 370 Bq kg-1primarily set by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and the effective dose equivalent was below the safe limit of 1.0 mSv y-1. Organ-specific dose values are pretty considerable but not in the danger zone. The Clark value refuses the probability of finding any uranium ore. This study indicates that the area being studied is a place with low background radiation exposure from radionuclides

Ultrasound evaluation of fetal central nervous system anomalies and its correlation with postnatal outcome

Introduction: CNS anomalies are the most serious congenital abnormalities. Ultrasound is an effective and non invasive modality of prenatal diagnosis of these anomalies. The purpose of the current study was to determine the frequency of CNS anomalies and its postnatal outcome. Objectives: Present study was undertaken to find out the incidence of CNS anomalies in utero by ultrasound and to confirm them by autopsy or postnatal examination. Materials and Methods: Ultrasound scanning of 5761 pregnant women was performed. Pregnancies with ultrasound findings of CNS anomalies were followed up. Prenatal findings were compared with postnatal findings and confirmed by autopsy wherever possible. In case of live birth post natal findings were noted. Results: Ultrasound detected 50 anomalies in 42 cases. Ultrasound findings were exactly matching in 90%. 4 cases had variations 3 on autopsy & 1 on postnatal USG. Conclusion: The incidence of CNS malformations on ultrasound was 0.73%. Autopsy and postnatal findings showed high degree of correlation with prenatal ultrasound findings

Analysis of Natural Uranium in Groundwater of Jhajjar District of Haryana, India using LED Fluorimeter

934-937Natural radioactivity has been a part of the environment since the creation of earth. Natural elements like uranium and its by-products can be reason of health problems if they are present in groundwater at excessive amount. Uranium is very harmful because it is very toxic. This study gives the information about the uranium concentration in 40 groundwater samples collected from different water sources like hand pump and tube wells of different depths from numerous locations of Jhajjar district of Haryana, India. Uranium concentration was measured using the LED fluorimetry technique. The observed value of uranium concentration ranged from 5 μgL-1 to 91 μgL-1 with mean value of 28.49 μgL-1. The mean value of uranium concentration is below the safe limit suggested by World Health Organisation (WHO) and Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB), India. The uranium concentration in some region is high because of nearby industries, increasing uses of fertilizer for agriculture and the local subsurface geology of the region. The calculated risk factors for lifelong cancer morbidity and mortality are not significant because they are much lower than the permitted hazard limits. The chemical toxicity of uranium is measured in form of LADD (Lifetime Average Daily Dose) value was ranging from 0.39 to 6.67 μg kgˉ¹ dayˉ¹ with mean value of 2.02 μg kgˉ¹ dayˉ¹g which is more than the WHO recommended daily consumption threshold of LADD of 1.0 μg kgˉ¹ dayˉ¹. Values of annual effective dose is varying from 0.89-15.16 μSv/Y with mean value is 4.74 μSv/Y, which is below the safe limit of 100 μSv/y (WHO)