Complex Solitary Waves and Soliton Trains in KdV and mKdV Equations

We demonstrate the existence of complex solitary wave and periodic solutions of the Kortweg de-vries (KdV) and modified Kortweg de-Vries (mKdV) equations. The solutions of the KdV (mKdV) equation appear in complex-conjugate pairs and are even (odd) under the simultaneous actions of parity ($\cal{P}$) and time-reversal ($\cal{T}$) operations. The corresponding localized solitons are hydrodynamic analogs of Bloch soliton in magnetic system, with asymptotically vanishing intensity. The $\cal{PT}$-odd complex soliton solution is shown to be iso-spectrally connected to the fundamental $sech^2$ solution through supersymmetry

Analysing Amino Acids in Galanin Graph Theoretical Approach

Graph theoretical analysis is an important area of the research in biological networks. Here first we introduce Pt-graph of peptide/protein based on physicochemical properties and adjacency of amino acids in the corresponding peptide/protein. Based on the Pt-graph, we introduce the graph of species which containing the peptide/protein named as SPt-graph. Finally, we analyze graph theoretically Pt-graphs of fourteen species of animals containing Galanin, a neuropeptide and their SPt-graph. From the graph theoretical analyses of Pt-graph and SPt-graph we get some observations about the relations among the amino acids, physicochemical properties of amino acids, peptide/protein and species containing peptide/protein and it may help in the field of evolution of peptide/protein and drug design in future

Nonanuclear zinc–gold [Zn3_{3}Au6_{6}] heterobimetallic complexes

Nonanuclear zinc–gold heterobimetallic complexes were synthesized in a two-step process. Commercially available carboxy-functionalized phosphine ligands were used for selective binding to Zn and Au centers. In the first step, bipyridine coordinated Zn-metalloligands with free phosphine moieties were prepared. Reaction of Zn-metalloligands with [AuCl(tht)] (tht = tetrahydrothiophene) resulted in the formation of nonanuclear Zn–Au heterobimetallic complexes. The flexibility of the carboxy-functionalized phosphine ligands was shown to be crucial for the formation of aurophilic interactions. Further, the photoluminescence of the Zn-metalloligands and one Zn–Au complex was investigated at room temperature as well as 77 K. The emission spectra showed clear difference between the Zn-metalloligands and the Zn–Au complex

Heteroleptic copper(I) complexes with coumarin-substituted aminodiphosphine and diimine ligands: synthesis and photophysical studies

The synthesis of heteroleptic Cu(I) complexes with coumarin-functionalized aminodiphosphine and diimine ligands is described. The complexes show yellow to deep-red phosphorescence in the solid state at ambient temperature with quantum yields up to 21%. The emission color of the complexes can be tuned by systematic modifications in the ligand system

A Structural Diversity of Molecular Alkaline‐Earth‐Metal Polyphosphides: From Supramolecular Wheel to Zintl Ion

A series of molecular group 2 polyphosphides has been synthesized by using air‐stable [Cp*Fe(η(5)‐P(5))] (Cp*=C(5)Me(5)) or white phosphorus as polyphosphorus precursors. Different types of group 2 reagents such as organo‐magnesium, mono‐valent magnesium, and molecular calcium hydride complexes have been investigated to activate these polyphosphorus sources. The organo‐magnesium complex [((Dipp)BDI−Mg(CH(3)))(2)] ((Dipp)BDI={[2,6‐( i )Pr(2)C(6)H(3)NCMe](2)CH}(−)) reacts with [Cp*Fe(η(5)‐P(5))] to give an unprecedented Mg/Fe‐supramolecular wheel. Kinetically controlled activation of [Cp*Fe(η(5)‐P(5))] by different mono‐valent magnesium complexes allowed the isolation of Mg‐coordinated formally mono‐ and di‐reduced products of [Cp*Fe(η(5)‐P(5))]. To obtain the first examples of molecular calcium‐polyphosphides, a molecular calcium hydride complex was used to reduce the aromatic cyclo‐P(5) ring of [Cp*Fe(η(5)‐P(5))]. The Ca‐Fe‐polyphosphide is also characterized by quantum chemical calculations and compared with the corresponding Mg complex. Moreover, a calcium coordinated Zintl ion (P(7))(3−) was obtained by molecular calcium hydride mediated P(4) reduction

Phase‐Dependent Long Persistent Phosphorescence in Coumarin‐Phosphine‐Based Coinage Metal Complexes

A coumarin functionalized aminodiphosphine has been introduced as a bidentate ligand in coinage metal chemistry. Mono-, di-, and trimetallic copper and silver complexes were synthesized with this ligand. The hybrid character of the ligand led to compounds with rich luminescence properties. These include coumarin-based blue fluorescence, observed as a sole emission in solution at room temperature, and green phosphorescence, which is efficient at low temperatures and dominates the spectra of the metal complexes. In the rigid environment of frozen solutions, the green phosphorescence shows an unusually long (for metal complexes) decay on the seconds timescale in high quantum yield. In addition, a red phosphorescence, which may be assigned to the triplet state localized in the phosphine-M$_{3}$Cl$_{2}$ (M=Cu, Ag), is observed for the trinuclear complexes at low temperature. Neither the second-long phosphorescence nor the red emission is observed for the coumarin ligand, thus they must be a result of the coordination to coinage metal clusters. The excited states in these compounds were also investigated by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations

Role of RNA interference (RNAi) in dengue virus replication and identification of NS4B as an RNAi suppressor

RNA interference (RNAi) is an important antiviral defense response in plants and invertebrates; however, evidences for its contribution to mammalian antiviral defense are few. In the present study, we demonstrate the anti-dengue virus role of RNAi in mammalian cells. Dengue virus infection of Huh 7 cells decreased the mRNA levels of host RNAi factors, namely, Dicer, Drosha, Ago1, and Ago2, and in corollary, silencing of these genes in virus-infected cells enhanced dengue virus replication. In addition, we observed downregulation of many known human microRNAs (miRNAs) in response to viral infection. Using reversion-of-silencing assays, we further showed that NS4B of all four dengue virus serotypes is a potent RNAi suppressor. We generated a series of deletion mutants and demonstrated that NS4B mediates RNAi suppression via its middle and C-terminal domains, namely, transmembrane domain 3 (TMD3) and TMD5. Importantly, the NS4B N-terminal region, including the signal sequence 2K, which has been implicated in interferon (IFN)-antagonistic properties, was not involved in mediating RNAi suppressor activity. Site-directed mutagenesis of conserved residues revealed that a Phe-to-Ala (F112A) mutation in the TMD3 region resulted in a significant reduction of the RNAi suppression activity. The green fluorescent protein (GFP)-small interfering RNA (siRNA) biogenesis of the GFP-silenced line was considerably reduced by wild-type NS4B, while the F112A mutant abrogated this reduction. These results were further confirmed by in vitro dicer assays. Together, our results suggest the involvement of miRNA/RNAi pathways in dengue virus establishment and that dengue virus NS4B protein plays an important role in the modulation of the host RNAi/miRNA pathway to favor dengue virus replication

Beneficial impacts of goat milk on the nutritional status and general well-being of human beings: Anecdotal evidence

Goats provide an essential food supply in the form of milk and meat. Goat milk has distinct qualities, but it shares many similarities with human and bovine milk regarding its nutritional and therapeutic benefits. Because of their different compositions, goat and cow milk products could have different tastes, nutrients, and medicinal effects. Modification in composition aid of goat milk determining the viability of goat milk processing methods. Comparatively, goat's milk has higher calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus levels than cow's or human milk but lower vitamin D, B12, and folate levels. Goat milk is safe and healthy for infants, the old, and healing ailments. Capric, caprylic, and capric acid are three fatty acids that have shown promise as potential treatments for various medical issues. Considering the benefits and drawbacks of goat milk over cow milk is essential; goat milk is more digestible, has unique alkalinity, has a better buffering capacity, and has certain medicinal benefits. Acidifying goat milk shrinks fat globules and makes protein friable (with less αs1-casein and more αs2-casein). Goat milk treats malabsorption illnesses because it has more short- and medium-chain triglycerides that give developing children energy. In wealthy countries, goat milk and its products—yoghurt, cheeses, and powdered goods—are popular with connoisseurs and persons with allergies and gastrointestinal issues who need alternative dairy products. A food product category containing fermented goat milk with live probiotic microbes appears promising nutritionally and medicinally. This article presents anecdotal evidence of the therapeutic effects of consuming goat milk for human health and its nutritional value

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Is Associated with Altered Immune Cell Infiltration and an Anti-Tumorigenic Microenvironment in Resected Pancreatic Cancer

PURPOSE: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is increasingly administered to patients with resectable or borderline resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), yet its impact on the tumor immune microenvironment is incompletely understood. DESIGN: We employed quantitative, spatially resolved multiplex immunofluorescence and digital image analysis to identify T-cell subpopulations, macrophage polarization states, and myeloid cell subpopulations in a multi-institution cohort of up-front resected primary tumors (n = 299) and in a comparative set of resected tumors after FOLFIRINOX-based neoadjuvant therapy (n = 36) or up-front surgery (n = 30). Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate associations between the immune microenvironment and patient outcomes. RESULTS: In the multi-institutional resection cohort, immune cells exhibited substantial heterogeneity across patient tumors and were located predominantly in stromal regions. Unsupervised clustering using immune cell densities identified four main patterns of immune cell infiltration. One pattern, seen in 20% of tumors and characterized by abundant T cells (T cell-rich) and a paucity of immunosuppressive granulocytes and macrophages, was associated with improved patient survival. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was associated with a higher CD8:CD4 ratio, greater M1:M2-polarized macrophage ratio, and reduced CD15+ARG1+ immunosuppressive granulocyte density. Within neoadjuvant-treated tumors, 72% showed a T cell-rich pattern with low immunosuppressive granulocytes and macrophages. M1-polarized macrophages were located closer to tumor cells after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and colocalization of M1-polarized macrophages and tumor cells was associated with greater tumor pathologic response and improved patient survival. CONCLUSIONS: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with FOLFIRINOX shifts the PDAC immune microenvironment toward an anti-tumorigenic state associated with improved patient survival