365 research outputs found
Une base de donn\ue9e sur les primates du Miocene
La recherche porte l\u2019attention sur la question complexe li\ue9e \ue0 la coh\ue9rence des \ue9valuations
quantitatives de l'ancien record des fossiles des primates du Mioc\ue8ne. L'ensemble des donn\ue9es ici
pr\ue9sent\ue9s a \ue9t\ue9 rempli avec les informations et le format de la base de donn\ue9es propre \ue0 NOW
(N\ue9og\ue8ne mammif\ue8res de l'Ancien Monde), ainsi que avec les informations suppl\ue9mentaires aupr\ue8s
de sources diverses. La compilation et l'analyse des donn\ue9es a \ue9t\ue9 conduite avec une m\ue9thode
quantitative. Le traitement num\ue9rique des donn\ue9es adopt\ue9es a \ue9t\ue9 particuli\ue8rement efficace dans la
synth\ue8se et l'analyse de la grande quantit\ue9 d'informations contenues dans la base de donn\ue9es. Cette
recherche montre une image synth\ue9tique de la coh\ue9rence de l'enregistrement des fossiles, analys\ue9s \ue0
diff\ue9rents niveaux taxonomiques, \ue0 l'\ue9poque pr\ue9c\ue9demment mentionn\ue9e, en ce qui concerne la
r\ue9partition g\ue9ographique. Une analyse \ue9cologique a permis une meilleure compr\ue9hension de la
variation de certains param\ue8tres tels que l'alimentation, la taille du corps et la locomotion, par
rapport au temps et \ue0 la r\ue9partition g\ue9ographique
Human influence on faunal turnover during Early Holocene in Sicily
Session: Environment, climate and human impact: the archaeological evidence
AIQUA CONGRESS 2012 February 15-17 Pisa, Italy 71
HUMAN INFLUENCE ON FAUNAL TURNOVER DURING EARLY HOLOCENE IN SICILY
Petruso D., Sineo L.
Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale e BiodiversitĂ , University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, 90123
Palermo, Italy
The faunistic analysis at the Late Pleistocene-Holocene transition in Sicily allows to understand the
ecologic and/or human role in the faunal turn over of the island. Following the work of Petruso et
al. (in press) we assessed that at the Pleniglacial-Late Glacial interval, in supposed absence of
human occurrence, were already extinct the last endemites (the middle sized elephant, the endemic
sicilian subspecies of red deer, auroch and bison) and the large predators (the spotted hyena and the
cave bear) surviving in Sicily from the late Middle Pleistocene. Otherwise some other taxa already
arrived during the Interpleniglacial still occur, such as the steppe ass and some small mammals (the
common field mouse while the shrew and the Terricola vole arrived slightly before), and others
belonging to the long resident taxa (such as the red fox, the wolf, the wild boar and the hedgehog)
of the early Middle Pleistocene. The newly arrived fauna accompanied by humans is composed by
an heterogeneous group of mammals such as the lynx, the auroch, the roe and red deer, the marten,
the weasel, the hare and the wild cat. All these cohort of taxa seem not to be influenced by
consistent human presence with the exception of the wild ass and of the linx that become extinct at
the transition with Holocene. We conclude that the faunal turn over in Sicily have been driven
mostly by climatic fluctuations and geodynamic events (that modulated the connection or isolation
phases of Sicily with the mainland) while the ecologic role of humans seems to have been very low
until the recent Holocene. During the course of Holocene human have influenced faunal
composition with massive hunting but mostly with the active and passive introduction of alien
species.
Petruso D., SarĂ M., Surdi G., Masini F., in press. Le faune a mammiferi della Sicilia tra il
Tardoglaciale e L’Olocene. In: La Biogeografia della Sicilia. Biogeographia, 30
The evolutionary history of HSA7/16 synteny in vertebrates: a critical interpretation of comparative cytogenetic and genome sequence data
The current work is an in silico study of data from previous publications and genome browsers, on the origin of the human
synteny HSA7a/16p. The molecular composition of the chromosomal segments identified as HSA7a/16 and 7b (free or differently
associated) is not yet clear. This means that a syntenic association 7/16, which can be detected by an in situ hybridization
(FISH) method in different taxa, may not necessarily correspond to those of the same association in different
lineages. In silico research, together with comparative cytogenetics, have been applied in order to define the composition of
the 7/16 syntenic association. These results allow a confident reconstruction of the syntenic associations HSA7/16 in
diverse vertebrate lineages, indicating various levels of homology, but also considerable levels of non-homology, which
should elicit caution with phylogenetic interpretations. The 7/16 association represents a paradigmatic example of the
complexity involved in the interpretation of comparative cytogenetic data from a phylogenetic perspective
Archeobiologia: studio di reperti antropologici, zoologici e botanici
L’analisi dei contesti archeologici si avvale sempre più del contributo di scienziati di estrazione biologica per
lo studio dei materiali organici rinvenuti nel contesto di scavo e per l’interpretazione di una serie di dati
antropologici, faunistici e botanici, utili nella ricostruzione dei paleoambienti.
In questa relazione vengono discusse criticamente le evidenze “biologiche” di un sito archeologico
medioevale urbano della cittĂ di Palermo, che, efficacemente investigate, permettono una sorprendente
interpretazione ecologica del sito, che conforta e soprattutto integra le evidenze topografiche,
archeologiche e storico-artistiche deducibili con l’analisi archeologica
The Phylogenetic position of Daubentonia madagascariensis (Gmelin, 1788; primates, Strepsirhini) as revealed by chromosomal analysis
One of the major topics in primate evolution is the phylogenetic position of the bizarre Daubentonia madagascariensis (DMA, aye-aye). The principal points that have been discussed for many decades are whether the aye-aye is: (i) the sister group of primates; (ii) the sister group of strepsirhines; or (iii) the sister group of lemurs. Very little is known about Daubentonia evolution, particularly on the chromosomal background. The present report focuses on the chromosomal history of this species. We used available chromosome painting data as the main source to identify conserved chromosomes, chromosomal segments and syntenic associations that have characterized the aye-aye karyotype. The dataset includes 47 characters that have been subjected to a concatenated analysis using maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian inference (BI). Both MP and BI topologies show Daubentonia as an independent monophyletic lineage, sister group of all other Strepsirhini. Further, both trees have weak statistical support as result of the high number of autapomorphies and homoplasies that have characterized the history of this group of specie
Evoluzione del cromosoma 4 umano mediante mappaggio di sonde sub cromosomiche in Platyrrhinae, Primates
italian
- …