Leak Detection and Location Method in Natural Gas Pipeline using Acoustic Wireless Sensor Networks

Traditional pipeline leak detection and location technologies generates high false alarm and poor location accuracy, this paper introduce Acoustic Wireless Sensor Network (AWSN) for gas pipeline monitoring which provide real time leak detection and location. AWSN detects and locate leakage by utilizing the measurements of Acoustic sensor mounted along pipeline to sense leak sound. A pipeline of 10m length and 0.25inch diameter filled with higher pressure of 10bar used to test the performance and accuracy of the system. Experimental results show that this method could effectively improve the accuracy of the leak point localization and reduce the undetected rate as well as false alarm rate. Keywords: Acoustic sensor, Gas pipeline network, Leak point locatio

Air Pollution Monitoring System based on Wireless Networks - Simulation

Air pollution is one of environmental issues that cannot be ignored. Industrial growth and urbanization results in the air pollutants concentrations in many areas. These pollutants can cause damages in human health and other living organisms. The available pollutant emission monitoring systems, such as Opsis, Codel, Urac and TAS-Air metrics are typically expensive. In addition, these systems have limitations to be installed on chimney due to their principle of operation. This causes other areas surrounding the factories being unmonitored and hence cause healthy issues. This paper proposes an industrial air pollution monitoring system based on the technology of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). This system is integrated with the global system for mobile communications (GSM) and its communication protocol used is zigbee. The system consists of sensor nodes, a control center and data base through which sensing data can be stored for history and future plans. The proposed system can be deployed to the industries for monitoring carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and dust concentration caused by industrial emissions due to process.   Keywords: Zigbee, wireless sensor network, air pollution, GSM, network topology

Implementation and Impact of ICT Technology on Vehicle Over-speed and Drinking Driving Monitoring in Tanzania: A Survey

Today’s transportation status has rapidly grown due to the daily increase of population and use of road as main, easy and economical way of travelling as well as transportation of goods, Thus now a days due to the high quantity of vehicles several problems has arisen in road sector such as road damage, road accidents, congestion as road accidents has been a major problem in Tanzania which in many cases results from the Breach of Traffic rules. Many innocents Tanzanians are continuously losing their lives and some get permanent body disabilities and property destruction due to road accidents. From 2009 to 2010 there was an increment of 2,907 accidents which is equivalent to 13.2% and most of the causes were due to human factors which include over-speed, drinking and driving, reckless driving, overtaking and overloading. Some of the measures have been taken but still there are many challenges. Traffic Police have been using devices (speed radar and breathlayzer) but have shown some weakness on solving problems. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Also contributed a lot to control the problem as introduced many ways of automatic control. Thus this paper will review the system used for prevention/avoidance of drinking & driving and over-speeding in Tanzania. It will also propose a system that will monitor and provide real time information of drivers drinking & driving status and over-speeding in different zones of different speed limits. Keywords: Over-speed; Speed Radar Touch; Breathalyzer; Information Communication Technology (ICT

Wireless Sensor Node for Gas Pipeline Leak Detection and Location

This research article was published by International Journal of Computer Applications Volume 100– No.18, August 2014Many different wireless sensor nodes for gas pipeline leak detection and location has been proposed but still there are challenges particularly on environmental issues and signal accuracy. This paper discusses theories and environmental constraints for wireless sensor nodes, a case study of Dar es Salaam - Tanzania and finally presents a design and simulation results of the proposed wireless sensor node using Proteus Design Suite for detecting frequency of sound exited by jetting gas, leaking from higher pressurised gas pipeline. This kind of proposed system can be useful to gas companies or industries whereby gas transportation is don

Pathload for available bandwidth esti-mation techniques (ABETs) for an efficient telemedicine content transport network

A research article was submitted to International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 2, Issue 8, August-2013The ability to measure end-to-end Available Bandwidth (unused capacity) in the network path is useful for route selection in overlay networks, for QoS verification, network management and traffic engineering. This paper investigates at applying techniques and measurement of Available Bandwidth (AB) in the congestion control for the transmission of an efficient telemedicine content transport network by using an important ABETs tool such as Pathload. This paper discusses measurement and simulation results of wired and wireless networks for the unused capacity in the real telemedicine network path and normal network path. The results can assist an organization or country in estimating the network bandwidth requirements depending on the ability of exchange multimedia data of an organization or country. The logistics could cater implementation of low cost telemedicine applications. The telemedicine systems could include wireless and wired medical interface and communication infrastructure. A simulation has been done to investigate the network quality of servic

Development and Testing of Road Signs Alert System Using a Smart Mobile Phone

This research article was published by Hindawi, 2022Road traffic accident is a major problem worldwide resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Advanced driver assistance systems are one of the salient features of intelligent systems in transportation. They improve vehicle safety by providing real-time traffic information to the driver. Road signs play an important role in road safety. To be effective, road signs must be visible at a distance that enables drivers to take the necessary actions. However, static road signs are often seen too late for a driver to respond accordingly. In this study, a system for alerting drivers about road signs has been developed and tested using a smart mobile phone. The study was carried out in Tanzania along an 80 km highway stretch from Arusha to Moshi town. The Haversine formula was used to measure and estimate the distance between two pairs of coordinates using the smartphone-based navigation application, Google Map. The application provides a voice alert to a needed action that enhances driver’s attention. We propose an alternative method that identifies and modifies a specific class of energy inefficiencies. According to the experimental results, the proposed methodology has the benefits of high accuracy within a user radius of 10 meters, minimum bandwidth, and low-cost application. Furthermore, the system application was secured by limiting access to the application program interface key to avoid unauthorized access to sensitive information

Real-Time IoT-Based Air Quality Monitoring and Health Hazards Indicator System for Mines Regions: A Case Study of Bulyanhulu Gold Mine

This research article was published by International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing Vol.12 Issue.7, July- 2023Air quality in mining regions is a significant concern due to the release of pollutants from mining activities, posing health risks to nearby communities. However, limited information on air quality levels often leads to neglect of this issue. Inhaling pollutants like PM2.5/PM10, CO, CO2, SO2, and NO2 can result in chronic diseases such as respiratory issues, asthma, and cancer. To tackle this problem, a study suggests the implementation of a real-time Internet of Things (IoT)-based air quality monitoring and health hazards indicator system for mining regions. The proposed system utilizes a reliable wireless sensing system, incorporating sensors like MQ7, MQ135, MQ136, MiCS4514, PMS7003, and DHT22, along with ESP8266, STM32, ATmega328 microcontroller, LoRa shields, and the ThingSpeak IoT server. It ensures continuous operation with a self-contained design, including a solar charger shield connected to a photovoltaic solar panel and rechargeable battery. The smart sensing device continuously monitors air quality and uploads real-time data to the cloud through a coordinator node. The collected data is processed to calculate the Air Quality Index (AQI), which is analyzed to generate early warnings and indicate potential health hazards. The results are accessible through a web-based dashboard for easy visualization. This system simplifies monitoring and provides accurate pollutant data. It supports environmental stakeholders by aggregating and analyzing air quality data, generating reports, and facilitating public access to air quality information. Additionally, it helps identify health hazards, enabling informed decision-making, policy formulation, and mitigation strategies

Development of Self Speaking Body Weight Scale for Visually Impaired People in Tanzania

This research article was published in the International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering, 2021Speaking weight scale is an important low vision health aid that measures and announces the measured weight. It is valuable in numerous applications such as Bathroom scale, Kitchen scale, and more. Different talking scales have been developed for the blindcommunity. Many talking scales have language options for English, German, French, or Spanish. However, only limited work exists for Selfspeaking visually impaired community in EAC given the fact that no talking scale can announce weight in Selfwhich is the common language in EAC. Therefore, this project aims to develop a Self-speaking weighing machine to assist visually impaired people in Tanzania. The developed device is divided into two major parts. On the front end of the design, sensors are used to capture weight parameters. The captured values are mapped onto a sequence of voice patterns. The back-end consists of transferring a sequence of voice patterns to a loudspeaker whereby the voice patterns are stored on an SD card. Finally, the developed device has been evaluated on several objects with known weights. The results show that the developed device accurately measures weight, displays weight, and announces it in the Selflanguage. However, blind people still need assistance from sightedpersons to be directed to the scale’s platform. The developed device has great potential as a low vision health aid for Selfspeakers. Moreover, the features of this device can be further improved by integrating iBeacon technology to increase the autonomy of blind people to use the scale and navigate to the device’s location safely

A Blockchain-based Conceptual Model to Address Educational Certificate Verification Challenges in Tanzania

This research article was published in the Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research Vol. 13, No. 5, 2023The proliferation of counterfeit educational certificates is an ongoing issue around the world, including Tanzania. The effect of this malpractice is detrimental to the credibility of education. Traditional strategies to prevent fake certificates are abortive, calling for a more sophisticated approach. Blockchain technology has recently emerged as an ideal solution to this problem due to its inherent attributes that ensure disintermediation, immutability, tamper proof, anonymity, transparency, consensus, security, and trust. However, most existing blockchain-based solutions lack crucial functionalities that are pertinent to the Tanzanian education system. This study unveiled the challenges faced by the current verification system in Tanzania and proposed a blockchain-based conceptual model to address them. The proposed model is based on blockchain, smart contracts, and the Interplanetary File System (IPFS). Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to investigate certification problems in Tanzania and modeling techniques were used to construct the conceptual model. The findings showed that the main challenges of the current verification system emanate from manual procedures, unverifiable credentials, susceptibility of centralized storage systems, disintegrated verification systems, revocation problems, difficulties in communication, and high dependency on the issuers. These challenges undermine certificate verification, impose a significant setback in the fight against forgeries, and create loopholes for forgeries to persist. It was conceptually demonstrated that these issues can be resolved through the proposed blockchain-based solution