Estudo das atividades antioxidante e anti-inflamatória de Cecropia glaziovii Sneth. e Cecropia pachystachya Trécul.

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Florianópolis, 2016.O gênero Cecropia (Urticaceae) é composto por cerca de 60 espécies, sendo C.glaziovii Sneth e C. pachystachya Trécul. consideradas as de maior ocorrência na região Sul e Sudeste do país, em especial na zona da Mata Atlântica. Conhecidas popularmente como ?embaúba? e amplamente utilizadas na medicina popular para o tratamento da tosse, asma, bronquite, pressão alta, inflamação e problemas cardíacos. Na composição química destas duas espécies citadas, são descritos compostos fenólicos, como ácido clorogênico e os flavonoides C-glicosilados isoorientina, orientina e isovitexina. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar as atividades antioxidante (in vitro) e anti-inflamatória através do modelo da pleurisia induzida por carragenina em animais, dos extratos aquosos (EA) e suas frações enriquecidas em flavonoides C-glicosídeos (FEF) de C. pachystachya e C. glaziovii. Folhas secas e moídas de ambas as espécies foram extraídas por infusão para obtenção dos extratos aquosos de C. glaziovii (EA-Cg) e C. pachyscatchya (EA-Cp). A partir dos EA foram obtidas suas frações enriquecidas em flavonoides C-glicosídeos (FEF-Cg) e (FEF-Cp), respectivamente. Extratos e frações foram caracterizados qualitativamente e quantitativamente por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada a detector de arranjo de diodos (CLAE/DAD). Para a avaliação da atividade antioxidante in vitro foi utilizado o ensaio TBARS (Substâncias Reativas ao ácido Tiobarbitúrico) com adição de três geradores: AAPH (2,2?-azobis (2-amidino-propano) dicloreto), FeSO4 (sulfato ferroso) e H2O2 (peróxido de hidrogênio). A atividade anti-inflamatória foi investigada empregando o modelo da pleurisia induzida pela carragenina em ratos, avaliando-se a migração de leucócitos. Além disso, técnicas padronizadas na literatura foram empregadas, com o intuito de verificar os efeitos das amostras de C. glaziovii e C. pachystachya sobre as concentrações dos metabólitos do óxido nítrico (NO), níveis de lactato desidrogenase (LDH) bem como os níveis das interleucinas IL-1ß e IL-6 e do fator de necrose tumoral-a (TNF-a) no exsudato pleural dos ratos. A atividade enzimática da mieloperoxidase (MPO), grupos de proteínas carbolinadas, grupos de proteínas sulfidrilas e TBARS foram avaliados no tecido pulmonar dos animais. Os EA-Cg, EA-Cp e suas frações FEF-Cg e FEF-Cp, demonstraram proteção ao dano lipídico frente aos três geradores de radicais livres utilizados. No modelo da pleurisia, animais tratados com EA-Cg, EA-Cp e FEF-Cp, inibiram a migração leucocitária para a cavidade pleural, os níveis de proteínas, a atividade da LDH, as concentrações de NO, IL-1ß e IL-6, TNF-a e os parâmetros associados ao dano oxidativo induzido pela carragenina (P<0,05). Os resultados do presente estudo demonstraram que os extratos e frações de C. glaziovii C. pachystachya possuem atividades anti-inflamatória e antioxidante, atividades estas, relacionadas a presença de isoorientina, isovitexina e ácido clorogênico como os componentes principais em ambas as espécies.<br>Abstract : The Cecropia genus (Urticaceae) consists of about 60 species, C.glaziovii Sneth and C. pachystachya Trécul. They are the most frequent in the South and Southeast of the country, especially in the area of the Atlantic Forest. Popularly known as 'embauba' and widely used in popular medicine for the treatment of cough, asthma, bronchitis, high blood pressure, inflammation, and heart disease. In the chemical composition of these two species mentioned, phenolic compounds are described, such as chlorogenic acid and flavonoid C-glycosides isoorientina, orientin and isovitexin. To evaluate the antioxidant activity (in vitro), anti-inflammatory through the pleurisy model induced by carrageenin of aqueous (CAE) and fractions enriched flavonoid C-glycosides (EFF) C. pachystachya and C. glaziovii. Dried leaves and ground of both species were extracted by infusion for obtaining aqueous extracts of C. glaziovii (CAE-Cg) and C pachyscatchya (CAE-Cp). The CAE were obtained from their fractions enriched flavonoid C-glycosides (EFF-Cg) and (EFF-Cp), respectively. Extracts and fractions were characterized qualitatively and quantitatively by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (HPLC/DAD). For the evaluation of the antioxidant activity (in vitro) test was used TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) with addition of three generators: AAPH (2,2'-azobis (2-amidino-propane) dichloride), FeSO4 (ferrous sulfate) and H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide). The anti-inflammatory activity was investigated employing the pleurisy model of evaluating the migration of leukocytes. In order to verify the effects of C. glaziovii samples were evaluated and C. pachystachya concentrations of nitric oxide metabolites (NO) levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as well as the interleukins IL-1ß and IL-6, factor a-tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a) into the pleural exudate of rats. The enzymatic activity of the myeloperoxidase (MPO), carbolinadas groups of proteins, protein sulfhydryl groups and TBARS were assessed in lung tissue of animals. Results: CAE-Cg, CAE-Cp and its fractions EFF-Cg and EFF-Cp demonstrated the protective lipid damage to the three front free radical generators used. In the model of pleurisy, the animals treated with CAE-Cg, CAE-Cp and EFF-CP, inhibited leukocyte migration into the pleural cavity, protein levels, activity of LDH, NO concentrations, IL-1ß and IL-6, TNF-a and the parameters associated with oxidative damage induced by carrageenan (P <0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that extracts and fractions de C. glaziovii C. pachystachya have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, activities related to the presence of isoorientin, isovitexin and chlorogenic acid as the main components in both species

Sedative and anxiolytic effects of methanolic extract from the leaves of Passiflora actinia

Leaves from several Passiflora species are largely employed in the Brazilian folk medicine as anxiolytic and sedative. In this work the anxiolytic, sedative-like properties and liquid chromatography analysis of methanolic extract of Passiflora actinia were evaluated. The methanol extract and all of its fractions presented significant sedative-like effect in elevated plus-maze and open field tests. Only the aqueous fraction of the methanol extract showed selective anxiolytic activity (30 mg/kg). Chromatographic analysis of the active fractions showed the presence of isovitexin and absence of the classical Passiflora beta-carboline alkaloids or flavonoids such as vitexin, rutin, swertisin, hesperidin and orientin. The tincture obtained from P. actinia leaves presented 0.27 mg/ml of isovitexin and absence of vitexin

Healing effect of Dillenia indica fruit extracts standardized to betulinic acid on ultraviolet radiation-induced psoriasis-like wounds in rats

Context: Dillenia indica Linn. (Dilleniaceae) is traditionally used to treat skin inflammation. Objective: This study evaluated the healing effect of Dillenia indica fruit extracts on induced psoriasis-like wounds in Wistar rats. Materials and methods: Extracts were standardized to betulinic acid, including an aqueous ethanolic extract (AEE), ethyl acetate extract (EAE) and petroleum ether extract. Effects against lipid peroxidation were assessed in vitro. Wounds were created at rat tails (n = 12). Topical treatments were applied once daily for 7 days (1 mL of AEE or EAE at 5 or 50 mg/mL). Maximal dose was defined by the extract solubility. A 10-fold lower dose was also tested. Positive and negative controls were treated with clobetasol (0.5 mg/mL) or excipient. Half of each group was euthanized for histology. The remaining animals were observed for 20 days for wound measurements. Results: Yields of AEE and EAE were 4.3 and 0.7%, respectively. Betulinic acid concentrations in AEE and EAE were 4.6 and 107.6 mg/g. Extracts neutralized lipid peroxidation in vitro at 0.02 μg/mL, accelerating healing at 50 mg/mL. Complete healing in mice treated with AEE occurred 16 days after wound induction. This time was 14 and 12 days in mice treated with EAE and clobetasol. Compared to orthokeratosis, parakeratosis was reduced by AEE (25%), EAE (45%) and clobetasol (55%). EAE caused superior protection against biomolecules oxidation of skin compared to AEE. Discussion and conclusion: EAE exhibited activity closer to that of clobetasol. Betulinic acid may be an active constituent, which should be assessed in future studies