A Self-Absorption Census of Cold HI Clouds in the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey

We present a 21cm line HI self-absorption (HISA) survey of cold atomic gas within Galactic longitudes 75 to 146 degrees and latitudes -3 to +5 degrees. We identify HISA as spatially and spectrally confined dark HI features and extract it from the surrounding HI emission in the arcminute-resolution Canadian Galactic Plane Survey (CGPS). We compile a catalog of the most significant features in our survey and compare our detections against those in the literature. Within the parameters of our search, we find nearly all previously detected features and identify many new ones. The CGPS shows HISA in much greater detail than any prior survey and allows both new and previously-discovered features to be placed into the larger context of Galactic structure. In space and radial velocity, faint HISA is detected virtually everywhere that the HI emission background is sufficiently bright. This ambient HISA population may arise from small turbulent fluctuations of temperature and velocity in the neutral interstellar medium. By contrast, stronger HISA is organized into discrete complexes, many of which follow a longitude-velocity distribution that suggests they have been made visible by the velocity reversal of the Perseus arm's spiral density wave. The cold HI revealed in this way may have recently passed through the spiral shock and be on its way to forming molecules and, eventually, new stars. This paper is the second in a series examining HISA at high angular resolution. A companion paper (Paper III) describes our HISA search and extraction algorithms in detail.Comment: 44 pages, including 13 figure pages; to appear in June 10 ApJ, volume 626; figure quality significantly reduced for astro-ph; for full resolution, please see http://www.ras.ucalgary.ca/~gibson/hisa/cgps1_survey

Particulation in jets from free-form hemispherical shaped charges with copper liners

Particulation in free-form hemispherical shaped charge jets is considerably different from that in conical shaped charge jets. From the analysis of the particulation data for 23 experiments covering ten free-form hemi designs with copper liners, it is concluded that jets with higher convergence pressures have delayed particulation, sometimes by as much as a factor of two. Breakup is also found to be design dependent, with free-form hemis have delayed breakup compared with cones. Also, in going from the earlier, boat-tail high explosive (HE) designs to later, more efficient hemispherical HE designs, it is found that particulation is delayed in the tail of the jet. These effects indicate the potential for deeper armor penetration based on control of particulation

Conflict of Laws Cross to Public International Laws: The Conflicting Models in the Conceptualisation of Disability Rights Under International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law

Several scholars of legal jurisprudence contend human rights law (HRL) and international humanitarian law (IHL) share same school origin. In fact postmodern scholars of the law school such as Hugo Grotius are classical example of proponents subscribing to the above view. Therefore the two branches of public international law are both founded on the protection of humane, humanity and humanitarian principles thus accounting for the similarities in their major attributes. Contrarily the discussion unveils some research findings exposing the wide differences in conceptualisation the rights of persons with disabilities under IHL and HRL in times of armed conflicts and times of peace respectively. In this case IHL/ LOAC and HRL possess two varied models that are completely irreconcilable on to each other. In this IHL is one branch of public international law according to which the rights of persons with disabilities are framed upon a medical model instead of the social rights based model provided for and promoted under the CRPD for HRL. The paper shall advance this argument by demonstrating the potential of a legal battle between these two sister branches of public international law. This raises the question of sufficiency, coherence in objectivity and adequacy of the two branches of law in reaching the same aims and goals as far as the best interests of disabled people are concerned. Such as autonomy, equal recognition and independent living and adequate protection in the post armed conflict period. This generated a reported made the contradictory models embedded in the theoretical frameworks from the two evident and visible. It is upon this that observations and conclusions on the different characteristics from the two categories of pubic laws reached

Entropy and Polarity Control the Partition and Transportation of Drug-like Molecules in Biological Membrane

Abstract Partition and transportation of drug in the plasma membrane of a mammalian cell are the prerequisite for its function on target protein. Therefore, comprehensive understanding of the physicochemical properties and mechanism behind these complex phenomena is crucial in pharmaceutical research. By using the state-of-art molecular simulations with polarization effect implicitly or explicitly included, we studied the permeation behavior of 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), a broad-spectrum modulator for a number of membrane proteins. We showed that the protonation state and therefore the polarity of the drug is critical for its partition, and that the drug is likely to switch between different protonation states along its permeation pathway. By changing the degrees of freedom, protonation further affects the thermodynamic of the permeation pathway of 2-APB, leading to different entropic contributions. A survey on 54 analog structures with similar backbone to 2-APB showed that delicate balance between entropy and polarity plays an important role in drugs’ potency