5,781 research outputs found
Distribution of the spacing between two adjacent avoided crossings
We consider the frequency at which avoided crossings appear in an energy
level structure when an external field is applied to a quantum chaotic system.
The distribution of the spacing in the parameter between two adjacent avoided
crossings is investigated. Using a random matrix model, we find that the
distribution of these spacings is well fitted by a power-law distribution for
small spacings. The powers are 2 and 3 for the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble and
Gaussian unitary ensemble, respectively. We also find that the distributions
decay exponentially for large spacings. The distributions in concrete quantum
chaotic systems agree with those of the random matrix model.Comment: 11 page
Universal Level dynamics of Complex Systems
. We study the evolution of the distribution of eigenvalues of a
matrix subject to a random perturbation drawn from (i) a generalized Gaussian
ensemble (ii) a non-Gaussian ensemble with a measure variable under the change
of basis. It turns out that, in the case (i), a redefinition of the parameter
governing the evolution leads to a Fokker-Planck equation similar to the one
obtained when the perturbation is taken from a standard Gaussian ensemble (with
invariant measure). This equivalence can therefore help us to obtain the
correlations for various physically-significant cases modeled by generalized
Gaussian ensembles by using the already known correlations for standard
Gaussian ensembles.
For large -values, our results for both cases (i) and (ii) are similar to
those obtained for Wigner-Dyson gas as well as for the perturbation taken from
a standard Gaussian ensemble. This seems to suggest the independence of
evolution, in thermodynamic limit, from the nature of perturbation involved as
well as the initial conditions and therefore universality of dynamics of the
eigenvalues of complex systems.Comment: 11 Pages, Latex Fil
Vortex dissipation and level dynamics for the layered superconductors with impurities
We study parametric level statistics of the discretized excitation spectra
inside a moving vortex core in layered superconductors with impurities. The
universal conductivity is evaluated numerically for the various values of
rescaled vortex velocities from the clean case to the dirty limit
case. The random matrix theoretical prediction is verified numerically in the
large regime. On the contrary in the low velocity regime, we observe
which is consistent with the theoretical
result for the super-clean case, where the energy dissipation is due to the
Landau-Zener transition which takes place at the points called ``avoided
crossing''.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, REVTeX3.
Exact calculation of the ground-state dynamical spin correlation function of a S=1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain with free spinons
We calculate the exact dynamical magnetic structure factor S(Q,E) in the
ground state of a one-dimensional S=1/2 antiferromagnet with gapless free S=1/2
spinon excitations, the Haldane-Shastry model with inverse-square exchange,
which is in the same low-energy universality class as Bethe's nearest-neighbor
exchange model. Only two-spinon excited states contribute, and S(Q,E) is found
to be a very simple integral over these states.Comment: 11 pages, LaTeX, RevTeX 3.0, cond-mat/930903
Unsteady movement of ripples and dunes related to bed-load transport
CER65DBS-EVR-CFN2.At head of title: International Association for Hydraulic Research.Includes bibliographical references.Two methods for computing bed-load transport from dune movement are considered. An equation based on the mean forward velocity and mean height of ripples and dunes is applied to flume data, and yields satisfactory results where the average dune shapes, velocities and heights can be determined accurately, as it the case for uniform two-dimensional flow. For unsteady flow, or for three-dimensional flow, where the size, shape, and movement of dunes varies in time and space, the volume of material passing through a series of incremental widths during some total time can be determined from sonic records. Bed-load transport rates are then estimated by integrating across the width of the stream. Applications of these concepts to field conditions are considered
Universal parametric correlations in the transmission eigenvalue spectra of disordered conductors
We study the response of the transmission eigenvalue spectrum of disordered
metallic conductors to an arbitrary external perturbation. For systems without
time-reversal symmetry we find an exact non-perturbative solution for the
two-point correlation function, which exhibits a new kind of universal behavior
characteristic of disordered conductors. Systems with orthogonal and symplectic
symmetries are studied in the hydrodynamic regime.Comment: 10 pages, written in plain TeX, Preprint OUTP-93-36S (University of
Oxford), to appear in Phys. Rev. B (Rapid Communication
H1-antihistamines for primary mast cell activation syndromes: a systematic review
Background
Primary mast cell activation syndromes (MCAS) are a group of disorders presenting with symptoms of mast cell mediator release.
Objectives
To assess the effectiveness and safety of orally administered H1-antihistamines in the treatment of primary MCAS compared with placebo and other pharmacologic treatments.
Methods
We systematically searched five databases and three trial repositories and contacted an international panel of experts to identify published and unpublished trials.
Results
A total of 36 potentially relevant studies were identified. Of these, five crossover trials, enrolling a total of 71 patients (63 adults), met the eligibility criteria. All five of these studies were judged to be at moderate or high risk of bias. Two studies compared an H1-antihistamine with placebo, two compared two different H1-antihistamines, and one study compared H1- and H2-antihistamines with oral cromolyn sodium. Four of the five randomized controlled trials were historic (reported from 1983–1993), small (enrolling 8–15 patients), and used agents and/or dosing regimens that are now less commonly used in clinical practice (i.e. azelastine, chlorpheniramine, hydroxyzine, and ketotifen). The fifth trial, which enrolled 33 adults with cutaneous and systemic mastocytosis found 4 weeks of treatment with the second-generation H1-antihistamine rupatadine, compared with placebo, resulted in significant improvements in quality of life, symptom control (itching, wheals and flares, flushing, tachycardia, and headache, but not gastrointestinal symptoms), and reduction in itching and whealing after standardized skin provocation to elicit Darier's sign.
Conclusions
There is an urgent need for large, well-designed, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trials investigating the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and safety of second-generation H1-antihistamines in treatment of primary MCAS
Universality of Parametric Spectral Correlations: Local versus Extended Perturbing Potentials
We explore the influence of an arbitrary external potential perturbation V on
the spectral properties of a weakly disordered conductor. In the framework of a
statistical field theory of a nonlinear sigma-model type we find, depending on
the range and the profile of the external perturbation, two qualitatively
different universal regimes of parametric spectral statistics (i.e.
cross-correlations between the spectra of Hamiltonians H and H+V). We identify
the translational invariance of the correlations in the space of Hamiltonians
as the key indicator of universality, and find the connection between the
coordinate system in this space which makes the translational invariance
manifest, and the physically measurable properties of the system. In
particular, in the case of localized perturbations, the latter turn out to be
the eigenphases of the scattering matrix for scattering off the perturbing
potential V. They also have a purely statistical interpretation in terms of the
moments of the level velocity distribution. Finally, on the basis of this
analysis, a set of results obtained recently by the authors using random matrix
theory methods is shown to be applicable to a much wider class of disordered
and chaotic structures.Comment: 16 pages, 7 eps figures (minor changes and reference [17] added
Interpreting depositional environments of sedimentary structures
CERDFN-DBS-EVR15.January 28-30, 1965.Includes bibliographical references (page 11).Presented at the Southwest Regional Meeting, American Geophysical Union, Socorro, New Mexico, January 28-30, 1965
JWalk: a tool for lazy, systematic testing of java classes by design introspection and user interaction
Popular software testing tools, such as JUnit, allow frequent retesting of modified code; yet the manually created test scripts are often seriously incomplete. A unit-testing tool called JWalk has therefore been developed to address the need for systematic unit testing within the context of agile methods. The tool operates directly on the compiled code for Java classes and uses a new lazy method for inducing the changing design of a class on the fly. This is achieved partly through introspection, using Java’s reflection capability, and partly through interaction with the user, constructing and saving test oracles on the fly. Predictive rules reduce the number of oracle values that must be confirmed by the tester. Without human intervention, JWalk performs bounded exhaustive exploration of the class’s method protocols and may be directed to explore the space of algebraic constructions, or the intended design state-space of the tested class. With some human interaction, JWalk performs up to the equivalent of fully automated state-based testing, from a specification that was acquired incrementally
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