Testing of site-specific yield in different harvest passes

U ovom radu analizirana je razlika u masenom prinosu vlažnog zrna uljane repice za 6 različitih prohoda žitnog kombajna duž parcele. Za potrebe analize korišten je Mann-Whitney U test i Z statistike. Za prvi i četvrti prohod je Z vrijednost svega 0,211, a razina statističke značajnost kojim se ovo tvrdi 0,8333, te nema statistički značajne razlike između vrijednosti prinosa u ovim prohodima. Utvrđeno je da postoji još tri para sličnih prohoda, od kojih su dva susjedna, dok su svi ostali prohodi statistički različiti u odnosu na prinos. Približna vrijednost statističkog pokazatelja effect size r primijenjena je za sve prohode kod kojih se ispostavilo da se statistički značajno razlikuju. Najveća razlika uočena je između drugog i trećeg prohoda za koje vrijednost effect size r iznosi 0,464 što bi se po Cohenov kriteriju smatralo srednjim utjecajem. Ovaj rad sugerira proširenje trenutne rutine analize prinosa ka automatiziranoj naknadnoj analizi.This paper analyzes the differences in mass yield of moist rapeseed grain for six different passes of combine harvester along the plot. The Mann-Whitney U test and Z-statistic are used for analysis needs. For harvest pass 1 and pass 4 the Z-value is only 0,211, whereas the statistical significance level to confirm this finding is 0,8333, therefore there is not statistically significant difference between yield levels in mentioned passes. It is established that there are another three pairs of similar harvest passes, of which two are adjacent, while all other passes exhibit statistical difference with respect to the yield. The approximate value of the effect size r indicator is applied for all passes, where a statistically significant difference turned out to exist between them. The highest difference is noted between pass 2 and pass 3, the effect size r value amounting to 0,464, which can be considered a large effect size according to Cohen’s criterion. This paper suggests extending the current routine implementation of yield analysis to an automated post-processing system

Softversko upravljanje rotacionim alatima mašina za obradu zemljišta

Rotation working tools of all systems for soil preparation are powered by mechanic and this is very undesirably for control of machines. If is mounted electro- or hydroengine as exsecutive board which move rotation working tools than there is possibility for control by suited steering system. This system consist a sensor and progamabil logic controler which has posibility to conect to CANbus or to steering automatically with machine. In this paper are shown idea for implementation steering of speed rotating of rotation working tools and specific softwear for realize those steering. Softwear consist a program based on ladder diagram.Rotacioni alati svih sistema za obradu zemljišta su pogonjeni mehaničkim putem što je veoma nepovoljno sa aspekta upravljanja. Ugradnjom elektro- ili hidrauličnih motora kao izvršnih organa koji pokreću rotirajuće radne elemente, stvara se mogućnost za upravljanje pomoću adekvatnog upravljačkog sistema. Ovaj sistem se sastoji od mernog elementa i progamabilnog logičnog kontrolera koji se može povezati na CANbus magistralu ili samostalno upravljati čitavim sistemom. U ovom radu predložena je ideja za ostvarivanje upravljanja brojem obrtaja rotirajućih elemenata i konkretan softver kojim se može ostvariti ovakvo upravljanje. Softver se sastoji od programa baziranog na leder dijagramu

Razvoj rešenja za softversko upravljanje brzinom setvenih ploča sejalica

Seed elements of wide row seeding machine are powered by wheel of seeding machine and mechanical gearbox. This has impact on mass of seeding machine and possibility of more precision regulation. In this paper is show possibility of use contact switch for activation machine, proximity switch for measurement velocity of seed machine and electromotor for power of seed plates. It is analyzed possibility adjustment by suitable programmable logic controller. In this paper are shown general directives for installing of necessary components for realization invited algorithm of adjustment.Setveni aparati sejalice za okopavinu pogonjeni su od točka sejalice preko mehaničkih prenosnika, što se odražava na masu sejalice, cenu i način regulisanja. U radu su analizirane mogućnosti korišćenja kontaktnog prekidača za indikaciju radnog režima, induktivnog davača blizine (proximity switch) za merenje brzine sejalice i elektromotora za pogon setvenih ploča. Razmatran je merni sistem i mogućnost generisanja upravljanja pomoću programabilnog logičkog kontrolera. U ovom radu su date opšte preporuke za montažu navedenih hardverskih komponenti potrebnih za realizovanje navedenog algoritma upravljanja

Impact of sensor readings of grain mass yield on combine speed

Analiziran je utjecaj prinosa suhog zrna pšenice, ječma i uljane repice očitanih senzorom na brzinu gibanja kombajna tijekom žetve na tri parcele. Kombajn je bio opremljen senzorima za nadzor lokacijski specifičnog prinosa. U ovom radu su tablicama detaljno prikazane statističke procedure analize brzine za pšenicu, dok su krajnji rezultati istraživanja za ječam i uljanu repicu taksativno navedeni. Sve tri parcele su naknadno nakon obavljene žetve podijeljene u po tri skupine prema razini prinosa, i to na mali, srednji i veliki prinos, retrospektivno. Na parceli uljane repice Kruskal-Wallis H test nije otkrio statistički značajnu razliku brzine gibanja kombajna u dijelovima parcele koji pripadaju različitim skupinama prinosa, χ2(2, N = 2187) = 4,570, p = 0,102. Na parcelama s pšenicom i ječmom otkriveno je na temelju srednjih vrijednosti rangova grupa da je brzina najveća u skupini sa srednjim prinosom, pa se pristupilo naknadnoj analizi razlike među skupinama pomoću Mann-Whitney U test. Brzina gibanja kombajna tijekom žetve pšenice nije se razlikovala statistički značajno u dijelovima parcele s malim i velikim prinosom, Z = −1,213 i N = 3453, p = 0,225, dok se prilikom usporedbe brzina unutar srednje grupe prinosa s preostale dvije grupe razlikovala statistički značajno, i s veličinom učinka oko 0,1. Tijekom žetve ječma, brzina kombajna statistički se značajno razlikuje kada se uspoređuju sve tri skupine za niske i visoke utjecaje prema Cohen-ovom kriteriju na temelju veličine učinka.The paper analyzes the impact of sensor readings of dry grain mass yield of wheat, barley and rapeseed on combine speed during harvesting on three plots. The combine was fitted with site-specific yield monitoring sensors. This paper displays detailed tables of statistical procedure carried out for wheat in the analysis of combine speed, whereas final results for barley and rapeseed are itemized. After harvest, the three plots were divided into three groups each according to yield levels: low, medium and high, respectively. On the rapeseed plot, the Kruskal-Wallis H test did not reveal statistically significant difference in combine speed between the plot zones that belong to different yield-level groups, χ2(2, N = 2187) = 4,570, p = 0,102. On the basis of mean values for group ranks, the highest combine speed on wheat and barley plots has been found in the medium-yield-level group. Therefore, subsequent analysis of differences was conducted between the groups using Mann-Whitney U test. Combine speed during wheat harvest did not differ significantly in the low- and high-yield-level zones of the plot, Z = −1,213 and N = 3453, p = 0,225, while comparison between speeds within the medium-yield-level group to the other two groups exhibited statistically significant difference, effect size being approx. 0,1. During barley harvest, combine speeds differ statistically significantly when all three groups are compared for low and high impact according to Cohen’s criterion based on effect size

Effect of extreme site-specific value yield data the descriptive statistical indicators

Transport tasks have radically changed in agriculture over the last decade. Speeds have increased along with tractor power so that 50 km/h even with a full load is quickly reached, which places more burdens on the brakes. Agricultural vehicles, especially those that can travel over 40km/h, must be fitted with safe and efficient braking systems to reduce road safety risks. Trailers being drawn must be the right size and weight for the vehicle drawing them and they should also be able to cope with the speed of the towing vehicle. They must be well maintained so that they don’t cause braking problems for the towing vehicle. In order to address these issues, revised braking requirements will apply to all agricultural tractors and their trailers (both new and existing) from 1 January 2016. They will also apply to equipment such as slurry tankers, fertiliser or manure spreaders, grain chaser bins and so on

Optimizacija parametara tehničkih rešenja za mašinsko branje koštičavog i jagodičastog voća

Mechanical harvest of fruit, primarly stone and berry fruit is desired task toward posibbility defect of product which is in contact with limbs, part of machines as well as when fruit fall on the ground. In this paper is shown technology-tehnical solution for harvest of sherries, plums and raspberry. It is analysed specifics in harvest and shown results tweak products in oscilation stalk of fruit. It is shown technology – technical solution for mechanical harvest of raspberry.Mašinko branje voća, prvenstveno koštićavog i jagodičastog voća pretstavlja zahtevan zadatak zbog mogućeg oštećenja plodova pri kontaktu plodova sa granama, delovima mašine (uredjaja), kao i pri padu na podlogu. U radu su prikazana tehnološlko tehnička rešenja za branje višanja, šliva i malina. Analizirane su specifičnosti pri branju i dati prikazi i rezultati otkidanja plodova pri oscilovanju nosečih struktura plodova. Prikazana su i razmatrana tehnološko tehnička rešenja pri mašinskom branju malina

Matematička interpretacija parametara vibracionog dodavača voća po modelu masa-opruga-prigušivač

Dozators are subject to oscillations, so that it may be modeling as springmass- damper systems. In this paper are shown extended analysis of mathematical models and various possibilities according to the degree of damping are discussed. System time response is shown also. Application of this paper can be found in projecting and design of vibrating dozators as well all systems for processing fruit which consist dozators, especially in the area of energy efficiency. Results of research may be applied for whole hydraulic or pneumatic system, or for particular parts of the system.Vibracioni dodavači podležu oscilovanju i mogu se modelirati kao sistem masa-opruga-prigušivač. U ovom radu prikazana je detaljna analiza matematičkog modela i razmatrane razne mogućnosti u zavisnosti od stepena prigušenja. Prikazan je i vremenski odziv sistema. Primena ovog rada je u procesima projektovanja vibracionih dodavača kao i linija za preradu voća koje sadrže ove dodavače, naročito sa aspekta energetske efikasnosti. Rezultati istraživanja se mogu primeniti za ceo hidraulični i/ili pneumatski sistem, ili za izdvojeni deo sistema

Ispitivanje ujednačenosti isejavanja semena metodom odzivnih površina

The subject of this paper is to optimize the uniformity seeding distances using response surface methodology and validated optimal level variables. Variables are modeled as a vacuum on the seed plate, diameter planting holes and peripheral speed of sowing records. The method can be used to optimize seeding distance of field and vegetable crops for which sowing is used pneumatic vacuum seeding machine. The models are valid for the speed of rotation of the plate seeding 0.053 m•s-1 to 0.192 m•s-1, the diameter of the holes in the seed plate from 1.66 mm to 3.34 mm and the vacuum of the seed plate 2.64 kPa to 9.36 kPa. Accuracy seeding distance depends on the diameter of the holes in the seed plate. The optimum value of about 3 mm in diameter is used for cotton seeds in the experiment. The level of vacuum pressure is important and connected with a diameter holes and the choice of its optimal level based on the physical properties of the seeds is about 5.5 kPa.Predmet ovog rada je optimizacija ujednačenosti isejavanja semena korišćenjem metode odzivnih površina i provera optimalnog nivoa promenljivih. Promenljive su modelirane kao potpritisak na setvenim pločama, prečnik setvenih otvora i periferna brzina setvenih ploča. Metoda može da se koristi za optimizaciju međusetvenog rastojanja svih ratarskih i povrtarskih kultura za čiju setvu se koristi pneumatska sejalica sa potpritiskom. Modeli su shodno usvojenim koeficijentima važeći za brzinu rotacije setvenih ploča od 0.053 m•s-1 do 0.192 m•s-1, za prečnik otvora na setvenim pločama od 1.66 mm do 3.34 mm i za potpritisak na setvenim pločama od 2.64 kPa do 9.36 kPa

Effect of extreme site-specific value yield data the descriptive statistical indicators

Transport tasks have radically changed in agriculture over the last decade. Speeds have increased along with tractor power so that 50 km/h even with a full load is quickly reached, which places more burdens on the brakes. Agricultural vehicles, especially those that can travel over 40km/h, must be fitted with safe and efficient braking systems to reduce road safety risks. Trailers being drawn must be the right size and weight for the vehicle drawing them and they should also be able to cope with the speed of the towing vehicle. They must be well maintained so that they don’t cause braking problems for the towing vehicle. In order to address these issues, revised braking requirements will apply to all agricultural tractors and their trailers (both new and existing) from 1 January 2016. They will also apply to equipment such as slurry tankers, fertiliser or manure spreaders, grain chaser bins and so on

Analiza ekonomskih pokazatelja u primeni GPS tehnologije u Poljoprivrednom kombinatu Beograd

This paper examined the level of savings in the application of modern technical systems for satellite guidance and control over performing agricultural operations throughout the season. The exemplary property was Agricultural Corporation Belgrade (PKB), which covers about 21.000 hectares of arable land. The effects of plot shape and direction of movement of tractor-attachment units in calculating the savings from reduced overlapping of adjacent passes were studied. The analysis was carried out of savings per crop (maize, wheat, soybean, sugar beet and alfalfa) and the operations for each crop separately, based on the manufacturing technology applied to an exemplary property. Detailed data are shown only for maize. Comparing the achieved level of savings, the application of guidance for the type of the most economically viable operations was found as well as the needed equipment level of guidance devices and management. In particular, the analysis involved the functional dependence of the economic savings in fuel and inputs for the operations such as mineral fertilizers distribution and chemical plant protection. Tabulated are the data estimates for the degree of anticipated savings for operations related to the five analyzed crops.U ovom radu ispitan je stepen ušteda pri primeni najsavremenijih tehničkih sistema za satelitsko navođenje i automatsko upravljanje pri obavljanju poljoprivrednih operacija tokom cele sezone. Uzorno imanje bila je Poljoprivredna korporacija Beograd koja se prostire na oko 21.000 hektara obradive površine. Analiziran je uticaj oblika parcele i pravca kretanja agregata traktor-priključna mašina pri kalkulisanju ušteda usled smanjenja preklopa susednih prohoda. Izvršena je analiza ušteda po kulturama (kukuruz, pšenica, soja, šećerna repa i detelina) i po operacijama za svaku kulturu pojedinačno, prema tehnologiji proizvodnje primenjenoj na uzornom imanju. Detaljno su prikazani podaci samo za kukuruz. Poređenjem ostvarenih stepena uštede zaključeno je pri kojim operacijama je primena navođenja ekonomski najopravdanija i koliki nivo opremljenosti uređajima za navođenje i upravljanje je potreban. Posebno je analizirana funkcionalna zavisnost ekonomskih ušteda u gorivu i inputima za operacije distribucije mineralnog hraniva i hemijske zaštite biljaka. Tabelarno je data procena stepena svih očekivanih ušteda za operacije koje se odnose na pet analiziranih kultura