Korruption: ein ungerechtfertigter Eingriff in internationale Menschenrechte? Chancen und Grenzen einer opferbezogenen Korruptionsperspektive

<p><b>Daily carbohydrate (A) and sugar (B) intake by groups and subgroups.</b> Carbohydrate (A) and sugar intake (B) as illustrated in percent. The boxes cover the first quartile on the bottom and the third quartile on the top. Whiskers reach from the minimum to the maximum value excluding outliers (illustrated by dots). Shift-working group and shift-working nursing-staff subgroup cover identical cohorts. NG, non-shift-working group; SG, shift-working group; SN, shift-working nursing-staff subgroup; NO, non-shift-working office-staff subgroup; NN, non-shift-working nursing-staff subgroup *p<0.05.</p

Physical Activity, Energy Expenditure, Nutritional Habits, Quality of Sleep and Stress Levels in Shift-Working Health Care Personnel - Fig 8

<p><b>Daily carbohydrate (A) and sugar (B) intake by groups and subgroups.</b> Carbohydrate (A) and sugar intake (B) as illustrated in percent. The boxes cover the first quartile on the bottom and the third quartile on the top. Whiskers reach from the minimum to the maximum value excluding outliers (illustrated by dots). Shift-working group and shift-working nursing-staff subgroup cover identical cohorts. NG, non-shift-working group; SG, shift-working group; SN, shift-working nursing-staff subgroup; NO, non-shift-working office-staff subgroup; NN, non-shift-working nursing-staff subgroup *p<0.05.</p

Percentage of employees with disturbed sleeping quality due to Pittsburgh-Sleeping-Quality-Index (PSQI).

<p>All test subjects with PSQI-score>5 in groups and subgroups were labelled as having a disturbed sleeping quality. NG, non-shift-working group; SG, shift-working group; SN, shift-working nursing-staff subgroup; NO, non-shift-working office-staff subgroup; NN, non-shift-working nursing-staff subgroup.</p

Boxplot of Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) in METS by groups and subgroups.

<p>The boxes cover the first quartile on the bottom and the third quartile on the top. Whiskers reach from the minimum to the maximum value excluding outliers (illustrated by dots). Shift-working group and shift-working nursing-staff subgroup cover identical cohorts. The dotted lines bounds the limits for hypermetabolic state (REE>1.1 METs) and hypometabolic state (REE<0.9 METs). NG, non-shift-working group; SG, shift-working group; SN, shift-working nursing-staff subgroup; NO, non-shift-working office-staff subgroup; NN, non-shift-working nursing-staff subgroup *p<0.05</p

Percentage of different loads in stress categories according to TICS in groups and subgroups.

<p>(WOL) work overload, (SOL) social overload, (PTP) pressure to perform, (WOD) work discontent, (EDW) excessive demands from work, (LSR) lack of social recognition, (SOT) social tensions, (SOI) social isolation, (CWO) chronic worrying, (SSC) stress screening scale. NG, non-shift-working group; SG, shift-working group; SN, shift-working nursing-staff subgroup; NO, non-shift-working office-staff subgroup; NN, non-shift-working nursing-staff subgroup *p<0.05.</p

Study’s flowchart for group distribution, group sizes as well as amount of missing data.

<p>The shift-working group (SG) only consisted of nursing staff (male and female) from different wards of University Medicine Greifswald. They rotated through day-, evening- and night-shifts. The non-shift-working group (NG) included nurses that worked in outpatient departments, diagnostic units or solely on day-shift on the wards (NN), as well as office administrative staff (NO).</p

Early Parenteral Nutrition in Patients with Biliopancreatic Mass Lesions, a Prospective, Randomized Intervention Trial

<div><p>Purpose</p><p>Patients with biliopancreatic tumors frequently suffer from weight loss and cachexia. The in-hospital work-up to differentiate between benign and malignant biliopancreatic lesions requires repeated pre-interventional fasting periods that can aggravate this problem. We conducted a randomized intervention study to test whether routine in-hospital peripheral intravenous nutrition on fasting days (1000 ml/24 h, 700 kcal) has a beneficial effect on body weight and body composition.</p><p>Material and Methods</p><p>168 patients were screened and 100 enrolled in the trial, all undergoing in-hospital work-up for biliopancreatic mass lesions and randomized to either intravenous nutrition or control. Primary endpoint was weight loss at time of hospital discharge; secondary endpoints were parameters determined by bioelectric impedance analysis and quality of life recorded by the EORTC questionnaire.</p><p>Results</p><p>Within three months prior to hospital admission patients had a median self-reported loss of 4.0 kg (25*th: -10.0 kg and 75*th* percentile: 0.0kg) of body weight. On a multivariate analysis nutritional intervention increased body weight by 1.7 kg (95% CI: 0.204; 3.210, p = 0.027), particularly in patients with malignant lesions (2.7 kg (95% CI: 0.71; 4.76, p < 0.01).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>In a hospital setting, patients with suspected biliopancreatic mass lesions stabilized their body weight when receiving parenteral nutrition in fasting periods even when no total parenteral nutrition was required. Analysis showed that this effect was greatest in patients with malignant tumors. Further studies will be necessary to see whether patient outcome is affected as well.</p><p>Trial Registration</p><p>ClinicalTrials.gov <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02670265" target="_blank">NCT02670265</a></p></div

Overall steps per minute in non-shift and shift working group and subgroups.

<p>The boxes cover the first quartile on the bottom and the third quartile on the top. Whiskers reach from the minimum to the maximum value excluding outliers (illustrated by dots). Shift-working group and shift-working nursing-staff subgroup cover identical cohorts. Steps per minute were calculated based on the ratio of overall steps and overall armband wearing time in minutes. Dotted line represents the 10000 steps per day boundary (i.e. 6.94 steps·min^-1). NG, non-shift-working group; SG, shift-working group; SN, shift-working nursing-staff subgroup; NO, non-shift-working office-staff subgroup; NN, non-shift-working nursing-staff subgroup *p<0.05.</p

Main characteristics of the study population and respective subpopulations.

<p>Main characteristics of the study population and respective subpopulations.</p

Mean changes in percent from means at admission for intervention and control group in men and women.

<p>Shown are expected marginal means at means of the covariates (sex, age, length of hospital stay, electrolyte solution, weight at admission, malignant tumor, oral supplements and proportion of fasting time). Asterisks refer to the statistical significance of the difference between intervention and control group, n = 79. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.</p