3 research outputs found
Ionic Liquid Based Approach for Single-Molecule Electronics with Cobalt Contacts
An electrochemical
method is presented for fabricating cobalt thin
films for single-molecule electrical transport measurements. These
films are electroplated in an aqueous electrolyte, but the crucial
stages of electrochemical reduction to remove surface oxide and adsorption
of alkaneÂ(di)Âthiol target molecules under electrochemical control
to form self-assembled monolayers which protect the oxide-free cobalt
surface are carried out in an ionic liquid. This approach yields monolayers
on Co that are of comparable quality to those formed on Au by standard
self-assembly protocols, as assessed by electrochemical methods and
surface infrared spectroscopy. Using an adapted scanning tunneling
microscopy (STM) method, we have determined the single-molecule conductance
of cobalt/1,8-octanedithiol/cobalt junctions by employing a monolayer
on cobalt and a cobalt STM tip in an ionic liquid environment and
have compared the results with those of experiments using gold electrodes
as a control. These cobalt substrates could therefore have future
application in organic spintronic devices such as magnetic tunnel
junctions
Single-Molecule Electrochemical Gating in Ionic Liquids
The single-molecular conductance of a redox active molecular
bridge
has been studied in an electrochemical single-molecule transistor
configuration in a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL). The redox
active pyrrolo-tetrathiafulvalene (pTTF) moiety was attached to gold
contacts at both ends through â(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>6</sub>Sâ groups, and gating of the redox state was achieved with
the electrochemical potential. The water-free, room-temperature, ionic
liquid environment enabled both the monocationic and the previously
inaccessible dicationic redox states of the pTTF moiety to be studied
in the in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) molecular break
junction configuration. As the electrode potential is swept to positive
potentials through both redox transitions, an ideal switching behavior
is observed in which the conductance increases and then decreases
as the first redox wave is passed, and then increases and decreases
again as the second redox process is passed. This is described as
an âoffâonâoffâonâoffâ conductance
switching behavior. This molecular conductance vs electrochemical
potential relation could be modeled well as a sequential two-step
charge transfer process with full or partial vibrational relaxation.
Using this view, reorganization energies of âź1.2 eV have been
estimated for both the first and second redox transitions for the
pTTF bridge in the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate
(BMIOTf) ionic liquid environment. By contrast, in aqueous environments,
a much smaller reorganization energy of âź0.4 eV has been obtained
for the same molecular bridge. These differences are attributed to
the large, outer-sphere reorganization energy for charge transfer
across the molecular junction in the RTIL
Single-Molecule Conductance Behavior of Molecular Bundles
Controlling the orientation of complex molecules in molecular
junctions
is crucial to their development into functional devices. To date,
this has been achieved through the use of multipodal compounds (i.e.,
containing more than two anchoring groups), resulting in the formation
of tri/tetrapodal compounds. While such compounds have greatly improved
orientation control, this comes at the cost of lower surface coverage.
In this study, we examine an alternative approach for generating multimodal
compounds by binding multiple independent molecular wires together
through metal coordination to form a molecular bundle. This was achieved
by coordinating iron(II) and cobalt(II) to 5,5â˛-bis(methylthio)-2,2â˛-bipyridine
(L1) and (methylenebis(4,1-phenylene))bis(1-(5-(methylthio)pyridin-2-yl)methanimine)
(L2) to give two monometallic
complexes, Fe-1 and Co-1, and two bimetallic
helicates, Fe-2 and Co-2. Using XPS, all
of the complexes were shown to bind to a gold surface in a fac fashion through three thiomethyl groups. Using single-molecule
conductance and DFT calculations, each of the ligands was shown to
conduct as an independent wire with no impact from the rest of the
complex. These results suggest that this is a useful approach for
controlling the geometry of junction formation without altering the
conductance behavior of the individual molecular wires