Associations of lipid-related genetic variants with lipid fraction and CAD risk.

<p>Association of coronary artery disease (CAD) risk-increasing alleles of 185 genetic variants with odds of CAD, and with each of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and triglycerides in turn (brightness and size of points: brighter points correspond to stronger associations with CAD risk, larger points correspond to more precise estimates). Note that some points are overlapping.</p

Causal odds ratios (95% confidence/credible intervals) of coronary artery disease per standard deviation increase in each lipid fraction (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-c; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-c; and triglycerides), with two-sided p-value for HDL-c.

<p>MR  =  Mendelian randomization.</p>a<p>Derived from Table 3 of Do et al. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0108891#pone.0108891-Do1" target="_blank">[8]</a></p>b<p>Removing 23 variants having known pleiotropic associations with blood pressure or body mass index.</p><p>Causal odds ratios (95% confidence/credible intervals) of coronary artery disease per standard deviation increase in each lipid fraction (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-c; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-c; and triglycerides), with two-sided p-value for HDL-c.</p

DS_10.1177_0272989X17753380 – Supplemental material for Discrete Event Simulation for Decision Modeling in Health Care: Lessons from Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening

<p>Supplemental material, DS_10.1177_0272989X17753380 for Discrete Event Simulation for Decision Modeling in Health Care: Lessons from Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening by Matthew J. Glover, Edmund Jones, Katya L. Masconi, Michael J. Sweeting, Simon G. Thompson, and SWAN Collaborators in Medical Decision Making</p

Subcohort sampling fractions reported in each of 32 papers included in the review.

<p>Bars are labelled according to the number of the paper in the reference list in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0101176#pone.0101176.s002" target="_blank">Appendix S2</a>.</p

Pictorial representation of an unstratified case-cohort study design.

<p>Included in the study are a subcohort of individuals randomly sampled from the original cohort, together with all incident cases of the disease of interest. Because the subcohort is a random sample from the whole original cohort, it includes some incident cases. The subcohort sampling fraction is the proportion of individuals in the original cohort who are included in the random subcohort, and is defined at the start of the study.</p

Causal assumptions as a directed acyclic graph.

<p>Diagram of causal relationships between genetic variants, risk factors (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-c; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-c; and triglycerides), confounders, and disease (coronary artery disease, CAD). Although confounders (common causes of a risk factor and the outcome) are represented as a single variable for simplicity, each risk factor may have a different set of confounders.</p

Associations of lipid-related genetic variants with lipid fractions.

<p>Association of coronary artery disease (CAD) risk-increasing alleles of 185 genetic variants with all pairs of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and triglycerides (brightness and size of points: brighter points correspond to stronger associations with CAD risk, larger points correspond to more precise estimates). Note that some points are overlapping.</p

Sensitivity analysis for the correlation parameters (<i>ρ</i>_..) between beta-coefficients for genetic associations with LDL-c (<i>β_L</i>), HDL-c (<i>β_H</i>), triglycerides (<i>β_T</i>) and CAD risk (<i>β_Y</i>): estimates of causal log odds ratios <i>β_L</i>, <i>β_H</i>, and <i>β_T</i> (with standard errors).

<p>Sensitivity analysis for the correlation parameters (<i>ρ</i>_..) between beta-coefficients for genetic associations with LDL-c (<i>β_L</i>), HDL-c (<i>β_H</i>), triglycerides (<i>β_T</i>) and CAD risk (<i>β_Y</i>): estimates of causal log odds ratios <i>β_L</i>, <i>β_H</i>, and <i>β_T</i> (with standard errors).</p

Summary of recommendations for reporting case-cohort studies, to be used alongside existing STROBE guidelines.

<p>Summary of recommendations for reporting case-cohort studies, to be used alongside existing STROBE guidelines.</p

Association of lipid score for all lipid-related genetic variants with CAD risk.

<p>Association of coronary artery disease (CAD) risk-increasing alleles of 185 genetic variants with lipid risk score and odds of CAD (brightness corresponds to percentile of chi-squared distribution for heterogeneity test: 98th or higher [brightest red], 95th to 98th, 90th to 95th, below 90th [black]). Note that some points are overlapping. Variants associated with blood pressure or body mass index (P<0.05) are displayed as triangles.</p