348 research outputs found

    Distribution quantique de clés avec des photomultiplicateurs digitaux à base de silicium

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    Les ordinateurs quantiques sont une technologie prometteuse qui pourrait permettre de faire des calculs qui sont impossibles pour les ordinateurs modernes dans un temps raison- nable. D’autre part, les techniques cryptographiques modernes se basent sur des problĂšmes computationnels difficiles pour assurer leur sĂ©curitĂ©. Ainsi, l’arrivĂ©e des ordinateurs quan- tiques pourrait sĂ©vĂšrement compromettre la sĂ©curitĂ© des techniques courantes. La distri- bution quantique de clĂ©s (QKD en anglais) est une façon de distribuer des clĂ©s de cryptage secrĂštes qui utilise des propriĂ©tĂ©s quantiques. Ceci fait en sorte qu’un malfaiteur (mĂȘme avec un ordinateur quantique) ne pourrait pas essayer d’intercepter le message sans courir la chance d’induire des erreurs dans le message. En QKD, l’information (les qubits) est transmise via des fibres optiques ou l’air libre, mais la distance et la vitesse de transmission est limitĂ©e en ce moment. Le but de ce projet est de faire un circuit intĂ©grĂ© qui servirait de dĂ©tecteur pour un receveur QKD. Il utilisera des PDC (Photon-to-Digital Converter) et l’électronique rapide de 65 nm TSMC afin de livrer un receveur Ă  haut dĂ©bit. L’avan- tage d’un PDC est qu’il offre la possibilitĂ© d’adapter le dĂ©tecteur pour l’application. Dans ce cas, du traitement de donnĂ©es et un circuit de fenĂȘtrage ont Ă©tĂ© ajoutĂ©s pour rendre le receveur plus efficace. Le PDC contient aussi des TDC (time-to-digital converter) qui mesurent le temps d’arrivĂ©e des photons dĂ©tectĂ©s. Parmi mes contributions originales, j’ai dĂ©veloppĂ©, implĂ©mentĂ© et validĂ© un circuit de fenĂȘtrage pour les TDC ainsi qu’un circuit de catĂ©gorisation pour le QKD. Dans ce mĂ©moire et dans l’article publiĂ© (chapitre 7), je prĂ©sente ces contributions et je dĂ©montre ainsi que les PDC peuvent ĂȘtre des receveurs QKD qui offrent une excellente performance temporelle (22.7 ps gigue temporelle) qui est trĂšs attrayante pour le QKD. Le but du projet Ă©tait de dĂ©montrer l’avantage des PDC et la tĂąche a Ă©tĂ© accomplie. Toutefois, il y a certains Ă©lĂ©ments qui pourraient amĂ©liorer les performances du systĂšme. Par exemple, les senseurs monophotonique utilisĂ©s Ă©taient des SPAD (Single Photon Avalanche Diode) temporaires afin d’avoir un signal rĂ©aliste pour l’électronique. Dans les itĂ©rations futures, et avec l’avancement d’autres projets au sein du groupe de recherche GRAMS, des SPAD optimisĂ©s pourraient ĂȘtre utilisĂ©s afin d’amĂ©liorer la sensibilitĂ© Ă  la lumiĂšre et rĂ©duire de bruit d’obscuritĂ© du systĂšme. De plus, des efforts devraient ĂȘtre mis sur l’uniformisation des performances des composantes au travers de la matrice de pixel du PDC. Des travaux sur des meilleurs formes de calibration des pixels sont en cours

    Early multifocal stenosis after coronary artery snaring during off-pump coronary artery bypass in a patient with diabetes

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    AbstractJ Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2001;122:1044-

    Business as usual? Cannabis legalisation and agrarian change in Zimbabwe

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    This article examines the emerging legal cannabis sector in Zimbabwe since 2018, which focuses on medicinal and industrial cannabis with unlicenced uses remaining criminalised, as well as its implications for agrarian change. It shows that the formal sector is set up in a way that prioritises those with substantial resources – marginalising small-scale farmers and illicit cultivators. While this presents the risk of corporate capture, various factors combine to undermine agribusiness' production. However, prohibition of recreational cannabis and the formal sector’s focus on export markets combine to preserve illicit cannabis markets and allow continuation of illicit livelihoods

    Anticoagulation of cancer patients with nonĂą valvular atrial fibrillation receiving chemotherapy: Guidance from the SSC of the ISTH

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    Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/150593/1/jth14478.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/150593/2/jth14478_am.pd

    Focused Review on Transthoracic Echocardiographic Assessment of Patients with Continuous Axial Left Ventricular Assist Devices

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    Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are systems for mechanical support for patients with end-stage heart failure. Preoperative, postoperative and comprehensive followup with transthoracic echocardiography has a major role in LVAD patient management. In this paper, we will present briefly the hemodynamics of axial-flow LVAD, the rationale, and available data for a complete and organized echocardiographic assessment in these patients including preoperative assessment, postoperative and long-term evaluation

    Solar-like oscillations in the G2 subgiant beta Hydri from dual-site observations

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    We have observed oscillations in the nearby G2 subgiant star beta Hyi using high-precision velocity observations obtained over more than a week with the HARPS and UCLES spectrographs. The oscillation frequencies show a regular comb structure, as expected for solar-like oscillations, but with several l=1 modes being strongly affected by avoided crossings. The data, combined with those we obtained five years earlier, allow us to identify 28 oscillation modes. By scaling the large frequency separation from the Sun, we measure the mean density of beta Hyi to an accuracy of 0.6%. The amplitudes of the oscillations are about 2.5 times solar and the mode lifetime is 2.3 d. A detailed comparison of the mixed l=1 modes with theoretical models should allow a precise estimate of the age of the star.Comment: 13 pages, 14 figures, accepted by ApJ. Fixed minor typo (ref to Fig 14

    S100A4 as a Target of the E3-Ligase Asb2ÎČ and Its Effect on Engineered Heart Tissue

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    Background: S100A4 has recently emerged as an important player in cardiac disease, affecting phenotype development in animal models of myocardial infarction and pathological cardiac hypertrophy, albeit it is unclear whether S100A4 exerts a detrimental or beneficial function. The goal of the current study was to analyze S100A4 expression in models of cardiac pathology, investigate its degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), and furthermore examine the functional effects of S100A4 levels in a 3D model of engineered heart tissue (EHT).Methods and Results: S100A4 mRNA and protein levels were analyzed in different models of cardiac pathology via quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot, showing a higher S100A4 steady-state protein concentration in hearts of Mybpc3-knock-in (KI) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) mice. COS-7 cells co-transfected with plasmids encoding mutant (MUT) Asb2ÎČ lacking the E3 ligase activity in combination with V5-tagged S100A4 plasmid presented higher S100A4-V5 protein steady-state concentrations than cells co-transfected with the Asb2ÎČ wild type (WT) plasmid. This effect was blunted by treatment with the specific proteasome inhibitor epoxomicin. Adeno-associated virus serotype 6 (AAV6)-mediated S100A4 overexpression in a 3D model of EHT did not affect contractile parameters. Immunofluorescence analysis showed a cytosolic and partly nuclear expression pattern of S100A4. Gene expression analysis in EHTs overexpressing S100A4-V5 showed markedly lower steady-state concentrations of genes involved in cardiac fibrosis and pathological cardiac hypertrophy.Conclusion: We showed that S100A4 protein level is higher in cardiac tissue of Mybpc3-KI HCM mice probably as a result of a lower degradation by the E3 ligase Asb2ÎČ. While an overexpression of S100A4 did not alter contractile parameters in EHTs, downstream gene expression analysis points toward modulation of signaling cascades involved in fibrosis and hypertrophy
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