a. RLEP PCR amplification profiles for DNA extracts prepared from the first metatarsal, left talus and left fibula from GC96.

<p>Product formation was monitored on an Agilent Mx 3005P qPCR system using the fluorophore EVAGreen. b. Dissociation curve of RLEP PCR products seen in 4a. Note single peaks from talus and fibula at around a melting temperature of 90°C. This is the expected T_melt for the RLEP 111 bp amplicon. c. 18-kD PCR amplification profiles for DNA extracts prepared from left talus and left fibula from GC96. Product formation was monitored on an Agilent Mx 3005P qPCR system using a specific hybridization probe.</p

Laser ablation Sr isotopic analysis of GC96 lower M2 enamel.

<p>The analyses are sequential from the cusp to the cervix of the crown. Light coloured points represent individual measurements and darker points represent the 5 point moving mean of the measurements with error bars representing the standard error on this mean. Also shown are the three dentine spot analyses.</p

Early Anglo-Saxon (5^th-7^th century) cases of leprosy from Britain showing rhino-maxillary changes.

<p>Sex: M = adult male, F = adult female, U = unsexed adult, J = juvenile. Age, in years. All dates, save Dunstable Marina Drive and Great Chesterford are based on artifact typologies or other archaeological criteria.</p><p>Early Anglo-Saxon (5^th-7^th century) cases of leprosy from Britain showing rhino-maxillary changes.</p

Left tibia of GC96 showing evidence of inflammatory pitting and presence of both woven and remodelled lamellar bone on the subperiosteal shaft.

<p>Left tibia of GC96 showing evidence of inflammatory pitting and presence of both woven and remodelled lamellar bone on the subperiosteal shaft.</p

Radiocarbon dating results.

<p>Radiocarbon dating results.</p

Pencilling of second, third and fifth metatarsals with destructive lesions to the proximal joint surfaces possibly caused by leprosy.

<p>Pencilling of second, third and fifth metatarsals with destructive lesions to the proximal joint surfaces possibly caused by leprosy.</p

Oligonucleotide primer and probe sequences for novel aDNA methods applied to burial GC96.

<p>Oligonucleotide primer and probe sequences for novel aDNA methods applied to burial GC96.</p

Mycocerosic acid profiles from inhumation GC96 metatarsal, talus and fibula extracts.

<p>Profiles are for selected ion monitoring NI-CI GC-MS of mycocerosic acid pentafluorobenzyl esters extracted from metatarsal (<b>A</b>), talus (<b>B</b>) and fibula (<b>C</b>), compared with <i>M</i>. <i>leprae</i> standard (<b>D</b>). Negative ions at <i>m/z</i> 437, 451, 479, 493 and 507 are for carboxylates from C₂₉, C₃₀, C₃₂, C₃₃ and C₃₄ mycocerosates. The intensities of the mycocerosate peaks, in brackets, are normalized to that (100) of the major C₃₀ mycocerosate in the GC96 profiles and major C₃₄ mycocerosate for standard <i>M</i>. <i>leprae</i>. In the GC96 <i>m/z</i> 437 profiles, the peaks with retention times 17.23, 17.25 and 17.29 correspond to a 29 carbon straight-chain acid (n-29); in the <i>m/z</i> 451 profiles, peaks at 19.96 and 19.98 min correspond to a 30 carbon straight-chain acid (n-30).</p

Reverse phase fluorescence HPLC of PBA-PFB derivatives of total mycolic acids from inhumation GC96 metatarsal, talus and fibula extracts.

<p>Reverse phase fluorescence HPLC of PBA-PFB derivatives of total mycolic acids from inhumation GC96 metatarsal, talus and fibula extracts.</p

An overview of the bone samples studied and the PCR findings.

<p>ND = not determined. + = PCR positive. - = PCR negative. bp = base pair.</p><p>An overview of the bone samples studied and the PCR findings.</p